TECHNICAL SEMINAR

ON
3G TECHNOLOGIES

BY :
ABHISHEK DUBEY
EC – 4TH year
 Contents
History
Introduction
Features
Concepts involved in 3G:
 Simplex vs. Duplex
TDD vs. FDD
Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Transmission

TDMA vs. CDMA

Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching
Applications
How 3G network works?
Conclusion
 History
 The first pre-commercial 3G
network launched by
NTT DO CO MO in Japan.

 The first commercial US 3G

network was by MONET mobile
in 2003.

 In 2008,India entered into 3G

mobile arena with the launch of
3G enabled mobile service by
MTNL.
Types of wire less Technology
There are 4 types wire less technology presently in
future it may extend further.

 1G net work used for analog (require frequency modulation

for speech and data transmission by circuit based devices).

 2G stands for second generation wire less

telephone technology (transfer voice services and
data).

 3G stands for third generation services used to

enhance mobile phone standards to facilitate growth
and support more diverse applications.

 4G stands for future standard of wire less devices.

3G Technology
‡3G is one of the most
recent transmission
technologies.

3G allows you to browse

quickly through web pages,
watch on demand video
program, download & play
music ,video & 3D games.
 Features
1. With 3G, the information is split into separate but related
packets before being transmitted and reassembled at the
receiving end.

2. The World Wide Web(www) is becoming the primary

communications interface.

3. Speeds up to 2 Megabits per second (Mbps) are achievable

with 3G.

4. High- speed transmission.

5. Advanced multimedia &global roaming.

 Concepts involved in 3G
 Simplex vs. Duplex

 ‡TDD vs. FDD

 ‡Symmetric vs. Asymmetric transmission

 ‡TDMA vs. CDMA

 ‡Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching

 Simplex vs. Duplex

Simplex: Using a walkie-talkie you have to push a button to talk one-way

o In this, only one person can communicate at a time.

Walkie-Talkie uses simplex form of communication.
o Using a Walkie-Talkie we have to push a button to talk
one-way..
DUPLEX

LINK
UP

L I NK
DO WN

 Allows simultaneous two-way communication.

 Channel from base station to device is known as downlink
and channel to device is known as up link.
 FDD VS. TDD

FDD

 ‡In FDD, there are two separate frequency bands : one

band for the uplink and one band for the downlink.
 ‡The two bands are separated by a guard band which
provides isolation of two bands
 TDD
 In this, the uplink and the downlink
frequency operate on the same
frequency, but they are switched
very rapidly one moment the
channel is sending the uplink
signal, the next moment the channel
is sending the downlink signal.

 ‡TDD requires a guard time instead

of a guard band between transmit
and receive streams.
Symmetric vs. Asymmetric
‡

transmission
 Data Transmission is
Symmetric if the data in the
downlink and the data in the
uplink is transmitted at the
same data rate. Ex- voice
transmission.
 ‡In Asymmetric
Transmission, data in the
downlink and data in the
uplink are transmitted at
different data rates. Ex-
internet.
 TDMA vs. CDMA
TDMA
 TDMA is Time Division Multiple Access. It works by
dividing a single radio frequency into many small time slots.
Each caller is assigned a specific time slot for transmission.
CDMA
CDMA is Code Division Multiple Access. CDMA works by
giving each user a unique code. The receiver has knowledge
of the senders unique code, and is therefore able to extract
the correct signal no matter what the frequency.
 CIRCUIT Circuit vs. Packet
SWITCHING
Switching
CIRCUIT SWITCHING
In circuit switching , the path is decided upon before the
data transmission starts. The system decided on which
route to fallow ,based on a resource – optimizing algo. &
transmission goes according to the path .

 Circuit switching is used to create a direct physical

connection b/w to devices such as phone or computers.
PACKET SWITCHING
Packet switching

Packet Data:
 ‡chopped into
pieces(packets).
 ‡given a destination
address.
 ‡mixed from other data
from other sources.
 ‡transmitted over a line
with all the other data.
 ‡reconstituted at the other
A data packet
end
 Macro, Micro, and Pico
Cells
The 3G network might be
divided up in hierarchical
fashion:
 Macro cell - the area of
largest coverage, e.g., an
entire city.
 Micro cell - the area of
intermediate coverage,
e.g., a city centre.
 Pico cell - the area of
smallest coverage, e.g., a
"hot spot" in a hotel or
airport.
 How 3G Works..?
3G networks are partially based on gsm and currently offer
us the fallowing technologies :
 GPRS

 EDGE

 UMTS

 HSDPA

 HSUPA
 Applications
 Interactive news delivery (voice, video, e-mail, graphics)
 Voice /High-quality audio
 Still photography
 Video/Audio streaming
 Data transmission services
 File transfer from intranet
 Multimedia e-mail (graphics, voice, video)
 Video conferencing
 Web browser
 – On-line services
 – Time schedules
 Global Positioning Services/Geographical Information
System
 Advantages
 New radio spectrum to relieve over crowding in
existing systems.
 More bandwidth, security and reliability.

 Fixed and variable data rates.

 Asymmetric data rates.

 Backward compatibility of devices with existing

networks.
 Rich multimedia services .
 Disadvantages
 High spectrum licensing fees for the 3g services.
 Huge capital is required to build infrastructure
for 3G services.
 Health impact of electro magnetic waves.

 Prices are high for 3G mobile services.

 Takes time to catch up the service.

 Battery life of 3G phones.

 Lack of coverage in some areas.

 Conclusion
 High Speed, Capacity, low cost per bit.

 Single worldwide cellular network.

Thank “U”