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Process Integration (PI) .Power Point
Process Integration (PI) .Power Point
LECTURE # 1
Shimelis Kebede(PhD)
Assistant professor of Chemical(Process and Environmental) Engineering
School of Chemical and Bio Engineering/AAiT/AAU
Example
There are two engineering design problems in chemical processes. The first is the
problem of unit operation design and the second is the problem of designing total
systems.
Outline flowsheets for the front end of a specialty chemicals process
The application of pinch analysis (in industrial sectors such as oil refining,
chemicals, iron and steel, pulp and paper, petrochemicals, and food & drink) can
typically identify:
There are four key steps of pinch analysis in the design of heat recovery
systems for both new and existing processes:
any heat available in interval i is hot enough to supply any duty in interval i+1.
Instead of sending the 60kW of surplus heat from interval 1 into cold utility,
it can be sent down into interval 2. It is therefore possible to set up a heat
“cascade” as shown in Figure (a)
Assuming that no heat is supplied to the hottest interval 1 from hot utility,
then the surplus of 60kW from interval 1 is cascaded into interval 2. There it
joins the 2.5kW surplus from interval 2, making 62.5kW to cascade into
interval 3. Interval 3 has a 82.5kW deficit, hence after accepting the 62.5kW it
can be regarded as passing on a 20kW deficit to interval 4. Interval 4 has a
75kW surplus and so passes on a 55kW surplus to interval 5. Finally, the
15kW deficit in interval 5 means that 40kW is the final cascaded energy to
cold utility. This in fact is the net enthalpy balance on the whole problem (i.e.
cold utility will always exceed hot utility by 40kW, whatever their individual
values).
Looking back at the heat flows between intervals in Figure (a), clearly
the negative flow of 20kW between intervals 3 and 4 is
thermodynamically infeasible. To make it just feasible (i.e. equal to
zero), 20kW of heat must be added from hot utility as shown in Figure
(b), and cascaded right through the system. By enthalpy balance this
means that all flows are increased by 20kW. The net result of this
operation is that the minimum utilities requirements have been
predicted (i.e. 20kW hot and 60kW cold). Furthermore, the position of
the pinch has been located. This is at the interval boundary with a
shifted temperature of 85°C (i.e. hot streams at 90°C and cold at 80°C)
where the heat flow is zero.
example