Biol 110

Introductory Zoology
Lectures: Tues. and Thurs.
Sec. 01: 8:30 DC 1350
Sec. 02: 12:30 RCH 112

Instructor: Ted Ozersky

tozersky@gmail.com
B2 257B
x33227
Lab co-ordinator: Bruce Wolff
brwolff@uwaterloo.ca
B1 381
x6435
Lecture slides with help from Dr. M. Mohamed
Lecture outline

• Administrative matters

• Themes for the course

• Biological classification and systematics

Materials:
• Hickman et al. Integrated Principles of Zoology, 14th Ed. (UW
Bookstore)
• Biology 110 Laboratory Manual (UW Bookstore)
• Dissecting kit, lab coat, lab goggles (UW Bookstore)
• Lecture outlines:
https://uwangel.uwaterloo.ca/uwangel/default.asp
Evaluation:
• Midterm lecture exam (Mon Oct 25) 20%
• Lab work 10%
• Final lab exam 25%
• Final lecture exam 45%
Laboratories
1) Laboratory sessions begin next Monday (Sept.
20). Please bring your student card (with WHMIS
sticker) to the first session. If you do not have a
sticker, please attend a WHMIS training session
before your first laboratory session.
2) You will need a laboratory manual, a dissection
kit, lab goggles, a lab coat, and plain paper for
drawing diagrams.
3) The laboratory part of the course accounts for
35% of the final grade. This mark is based on
laboratory assignments and quizzes, and a test at
the end of the term.
Lab exam
• Lab exam will be comprehensive and will
cover all of the material learned in the labs
• “bell ringer slide show” format
• Will need to identify organisms, name
structures and their functions, and know
aspects of life history
• Make detailed diagrams of organisms seen
under the microscope, consider taking photos
of dissections
What is zoology?
• Study of animal biology
• Covers aspects of animal physiology,
ecology, behaviour, evolution, genetics, and
phylogeny.

What are animals?

• Eukaryotic organisms that depend on eating
other organisms for nutrition
Topics for the remainder of course

1. Protista
2. Radiates
3. Acoelomates
4. Pseudocoelomates
5. Segmented worms
Topics…

6. Arthropoda
7. Mollusca
8. Echinodermata
9. Chordata
Our exploration of zoology will be guided by
a number of themes:

• Phylogeny and evolutionary relationships

• Body plan and organization:

-Unicellular? multicellular?
-Radial/ bilateral symmetry?
-Support
-Body cavity: acoelomate? coelomate?
Themes:
• Habitat:
– aquatic: marine? freshwater?
– terrestrial: arid? tropical?
– freeliving or parasitic?

• Life cycle:
– Sexual/asexual reproduction?
– Life stages
Themes:
• Gas exchange
• Nutrition
-source, handing, digestion

• Excretion/ Osmoregulation
• Locomotion
-sessile/ motile
• Sensory
Classification and systematics
• We need a way to categorize and
classify organisms
• Oldest system: plant or animal
Classification vs. systematics
• Classification is the assignment of
organisms to categories based on
common characteristics
– Old way of categorizing animals
• Systematics assigns organisms to
classes based on shared evolutionary
descent
– Newer way that recognizes the importance
of evolutionary relationships
Basis for categorization
• Comparative morphology: shapes of
bones, cells, tissues, embryonic
development

• Comparative biochemistry: metabolic

pathways, proteins and DNA sequences

• Comparative cytology: number and

shape of chromosomes
The goal of systematics is to come up
with monophyletic groups (clades):
taxonomic groupings that include all the
descendants of a common ancestor
Classification
7 formal groups for all organisms
Classification
7 formal groups for all organisms

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Classification
7 formal groups for all organisms

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
ClassMammalia
OrderCarnivora
Family Canidae
Genus Canis
Species familiaris
Five kingdom system

Monera (bacteria) Plantae

• lack a nucleus • multicellular
(prokaryotes)
• photosynthetic

Protista Animalia
• unicellular eukaryotes • most ingest food
• parasitic exceptions
Fungi
• feed by absorption
• includes ‘molds’ and
yeasts
Three domain system
• Newer than the five kingdom system

• Based on genetic information

• Recognizes three domains of life:

Bacteria, Archaea, Eucarya

• Eucarya includes plants, animals, fungi

and different kinds of protists
Three domain system
Next lecture: PROTISTA- chapter 11
• Origins
• Diversity
• Locomotion