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(KATING) Nutrition During Pregnancy 2017
(KATING) Nutrition During Pregnancy 2017
and During
Pregnancy
Nutrition Department
Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University
2017
Nutrition Prior to
Pregnancy
Preparation for Healthy
Pregnancy
• Achieve and maintain a healthy body
weight.
• Choose an adequate
• Underweight and balanced
and overweight diet.
associated
with infertility, increased risk of complications
•• Malnutrition
Overweight
• Receive and
regularreduces obese
medical men
fertility and
care. low sperm
impairs infant
counts
early and hormonal changes reduce
development
• Manage chronic
• Healthy diet conditions.
MUFA, vegetable proteins, low
fertility.
• Avoid harmful
• glycemic
Excess carb
body influences
fat
a better (alcohol,
fertility
in women disrupts menstrual
• Diets rich in antioxidant nutrients have higher
smoking,etc)
regularity and ovarian hormone production.
sperm numbers and motility.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Women of childbearing age who may become
pregnant should eat foods high in heme-iron
and/or consume iron-rich plant foods or iron-
fortified foods with an enhancer of iron
absorption, such as vitamin C–rich foods.
Women of childbearing age who may become
pregnant should consume adequate synthetic
folate daily from fortified foods or supplements
in addition to naturally occurring folate from a
variety of foods.
Growth & Development during
Pregnancy
1. Placental Development
• amniotic sac, a fluid-filled balloonlike structure that
houses the developing fetus.
• umbilical cord, a ropelike structure containing fetal
blood
• By exchanging oxygen, nutrients, and waste products,
the placenta performs the respiratory, absorptive, and
excretory functions that the fetus’s lungs, digestive
system, and kidneys will provide after birth.
• The placenta is a versatile, metabolically active organ.
placenta uses energy and nutrients to support its work.
2. EMBRIONIC & FETAL DEVELOPMENT
CRITICAL
PERIOD
Fetal stage up to
3rd month of
birth
Zinc Finger
Defisiensi seng
• Gangguan
imunnokompetensi
• Cacat lahir
• Stunting
Vit D
• Vitamin D plays a vital role in calcium absorption and
utilization.
• severe maternal vitamin D deficiency interferes with
normal calcium metabolism, resulting in rickets in the
infant and osteomalacia in the mother.
• Regular exposure to sunlight and consumption of vitamin
D–fortified milk are usually sufficient to provide the
recommended amount of vitamin D during pregnancy
• The AI (Adequate Intake) for vitamin D does not increase
during pregnancy
Rickets
Calcium
• Calcium absorption and retention increase dramatically in
pregnancy, helping the mother to meet the calcium needs of
pregnancy.
• Calcium intakes for pregnant women typically fall below
recommendations.
• Because bones are still actively depositing minerals until about
age 30, adequate calcium is especially important for young
women.
• Pregnant women younger than age 25 who receive less than
600 milligrams of dietary calcium daily need to increase their
intake of milk, cheese, yogurt, and other calcium-rich foods
• Alternatively, and less preferably, they may need a daily
supplement of 600 milligrams of calcium.
• The AI for calcium does not increase during pregnancy
Common Nutrition-Related Concerns
of Pregnancy
• Nausea, constipation, heartburn, and food sensitivities
are common nutrition-related concerns during
pregnancy
Thank you..