KPI

Agenda MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

 Air Interface KPI

 RRC States
 Paging And Idle Mode DRX
 RRC Setup Procedure
 Radio Admission Control
 LTE Bearer
 Bearer Setup
 LTE Bearer Release
 Handover
 Intra eNodeB handover
 Inter eNodeB handover
 Inter System Mobility
Air Interface KPI
 Air Interface KPI’s LTE MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Integrity:
Average CQI
Accessibility: Average Latency
RRC Setup Success Rate RLC PDU Retransmission
DRB Setup Success Rate
E-RAB Setup Success Rate
S1 Setup Success Usage:
eNodeB1 eNodeB2
Cell Availability
Resource Block Usage
PDCP/RLC Layer
Throughput
Inter RAT
X redirection/H
UE X2 O

X
Retainability:
RRC Drop Rate
DRB Drop Rate Mobility:
E-RAB Drop Rate Intra eNodeB HO
Success Rate
Inter eNodeB HO
Success Rate
 General Measurement Overview (RL40)
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Radio network measurements • LTE Inter System Handover to GSM per Neighbor
Cell Measurement
• S1AP
• Cell availability
• Cell load
• LTE Handover
• Transport load
• LTE X2AP
• Power and Quality UL
• EPS bearer • LTE UE and Service Differentiation Transmission
• Radio Bearer measurements
• RRC • IP Statistics
• Intra eNodeB handover • PHB Statistics
• Power and Quality DL • Ethernet Link
• Cell resource • IP Sec
• Cell throughput • IP Filtering
• UE state • VLAN IP Statistics
• Inter eNodeB handover • VLAN PHB Statistics
• Neighbor cell related handover • LTE VLAN Statistics Measurement
• LTE Inter System Handover • Ethernet Interface Statistics
• LTE Inter System Handover to UTRAN per Neighbor • LTE L2 Switch Statistics
Cell • LTE TWAMP Statistics
• eNodeB load • LTE TAC Statistics
• LTE TOP FreqSync Statistics
 Accessibility MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN E-RAB Setup Success Ratio

The KPI describes the setup success ratio of the elementary E-RAB setup procedure used to
setup the E-RAB between MME and UE.
It indicates the E-UTRAN contribution to network accessibility for the end-user, not the
whole end-to-end service accessibility.

E-RAB SSR=(E-RAB setup successes / E-RAB setup attempts)*100%

 Retainability MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-RAB Normal Release Ratio, User perspective

This KPI describes the ratio of normally released E-RABs from user perspective.
This KPI is corresponding to a Connection Completion Ratio.

E-RAB NRR UP=(normal E-RAB releases user perspective / all E-RAB releases)*100%
 Mobility MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN HO Success Ratio, intra eNB

This KPI describes the success ratio for the handover execution phase, when the source
eNB receives information that the UE successfully is connected to the target cell within
own eNB.

Intra HO SR =(number of successful intra eNB HOs) /

(number of intra eNB HO attempts)*100%
 Mobility MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN HO Success Ratio, inter eNB X2 based

This KPI describes the success ratio for the inter eNB X2 based handover execution phase,
when the source eNB receives information that the UE successfully is connected to the
target cell within target eNB.

Inter X2 based HO SR =(number of successful inter eNB X2 based HOs) /

(number of inter eNB X2 based HO attempts)*100%
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Field KPI Attach Time

•With Attach, the mobile terminal registers at the LTE network. At the end of the
procedure the UE is authenticated, and a default (nGBR) bearer is established.
•The Attach Time is the interval between the connection request and the
acknowledgement of the positive response by the UE.

•Mean value and 95% from all measured samples

•Formula : Attach Time [ms] = tAttach Complete – tAttach Request

•Related E-UTRAN Counters & KPIs

– None
 Field KPIs Detach Time MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• With an explicit Detach request the UE informs the LTE network that it does not want
to access the EPS any longer. At the end of the procedure all EPS bearers of the UE are
released.
• The Detach Time is the interval between the Detach Request and the reception of a
Detach Accept message by the UE. No Detach Accept is sent by the network if the
cause for Detach is switching the UE off.

• Formula : Detach Time [ms] = tDetachRequest – tDetachAccept

• Related E-UTRAN Counters & KPIs

– None
 Field KPIs Attach Success Rate MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• The Attach Success Rate is defined as the ratio between the number of successful
registrations and the number of all requests. This is the probability that a user can
attach to the LTE network at any moment of time.
• The calculated success ratio figure excludes attach requests, which are rejected by
authentication failures. On the other hand, network attach requests which are
terminated by timer expiry (due to the unavailability of some LTE resource) are
considered as unsuccessful registrations.
• If the success rate is calculated on the eNB by counting incoming RRC requests, RRC
CONNECTION REQUEST retries are to be excluded, since they would increase the
overall number of establishment attempts, and thus reduce the success ratio.
Formula:
number _ of _ successfull _ attach
LTENwAttSR  100%
number _ of _ attach _ attempt

• Related E-UTRAN Counters & KPIs

• PM counters: LTE EPS Bearer
• KPIs: Initial E-RAB Setup Success Ratio (ISSR)
 Field KPIs Service Request Time: MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
UE Initiated

• It is the time taken by the LTE network to setup an EPS bearer on request by the UE. The
EPS bearer can be new (dedicated), or an existing one (e.g. the default EPS bearer). The
latter is needed to reassign Uu radio and S1 bearer resources to the existing EPS bearer
of a previously Idle UE.
• The EPS bearer has to be created or activated before IP packets can be exchanged, i.e.
the Service Request creates the IP link dynamically over the mobile access (LTE)
network.
• The UE Initiated EPS Bearer Setup Time is the interval between the submission of the
message RRC CONNECTION REQUEST (see References 26. [3GPP36.331]) carrying a NAS:
Service Request message in its body, and the reception of the RRC CONNECTION
RECONFIGURATION response by the UE. The Bearer Setup procedure is based on the
Service Request procedure, see References 3. [3GPP23.401] and 20. [3GPP36.300].
 Field KPIs Service Request Time: UE Initiated
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Continued

•Mean value and 95% from all measured samples

Formula:
•Service Request Time [ms] = tRRC_Reconfig – tRRC_Request

Related E-UTRAN Counters

•Mean EPS Setup Time: SAEB.EstabTimeMean.QCI
•Max EPS Setup Time: SAEB.EstabTimeMax.QCI
 Field KPIs Service Request Time: MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Network Initiated

• It is the time taken by the LTE network to set up an EPS bearer on request by the P-
GW. The EPS bearer has to be created before IP packets can be sent (DL) to the UE
if the UE has no proper EPS bearer for the given IP packet flow. The network
initiated Service Request
• Time includes a Paging Time (ref. to Paging Time) if the UE is idle. The EPS Bearer
Setup procedure is based on the Paging and Service Request procedures according
to References 26. [3GPP36.331] and 3.[3GPP23.401].
• Mean value and 95% from all measured samples
Formula: Service Request Time [s] = tRRC_Reconfig – tRRC_Request

• Related E-UTRAN Counters (same as UE Initiated)

• Mean EPS Setup Time: SAEB.EstabTimeMean.QCI
• Max EPS Setup Time: SAEB.EstabTimeMax.QCI
 Field KPIs Service Request Success Rate
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• This KPI is defined as the ratio between successfully established EPS bearers compared to
the overall number of EPS bearer establishment attempts. It corresponds to the
probability that a user or the LTE network can establish an EPS bearer at any moment in
time.

• Requests that are terminated by timer expiry (due to the non-accessibility of some LTE
resource) are considered as unsuccessful attempts. Authentication errors (requests
rejected by the MME) are included in the total number of failures.

• Only the first RRC CONNECTION REQUEST is to be considered, since counting retries of the
same message would increase the overall number of bearer establishment attempts, and
thus reduce the success ratio.
 Field KPIs Service Request Success MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Rate Continued

•Formula: EPSSR 
number_of (RRC_CONN_RECONFIGUR ATION_COMPLETE)
 100%
number_of (RRC_CONNECTION_REQU EST)

•Related E-UTRAN Counters & KPIs

• Group of related PM counters: LTE EPS Bearer
• KPI: Additional E-RAB Setup Success Ratio (ASSR)
 Field KPIs Service Drop Rate MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• It is the ratio between abnormally released bearers and the overall number of
established EPS bearers. An abnormal release is defined as any EPS bearer
termination that was not triggered by the mobile user (from UE side). Thus, it
reflects the probability that an established bearer is aborted due to insufficient
network resources.

• Dropping the bearer becomes visible to the end-user if an application service is

actively using it. If the application automatically re-establishes the bearer, it
remains unnoticed by the user.

Formula: EPSBearerD R 
number_of (dropped_c alls)
 100%
number_of (successfu ll_calls)
 Field KPIs Testing methods for MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

network wide testing

• Target:
• Few selected KPIs that can be post-processed automatically from drive test
logs.
• Network wide drive testing executable with one drive (=one test case/script)
per cluster.

• Different test methods:

1. Each session started from EMM-DEREGISTERED state
2. Each session started from RRC-IDLE EMM-REGISTERED state
3. Each session started from RRC-CONNECTED state
 Field KPI’s Testing Methods MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• Each session started from EMM-DEREGISTERED state

• Attach – Application data – Detach
• Several data applications can be included in the same session (FTP DL/UL, HTTP, Ping)
• Possible to measure Success Rates/times: Attach, ERAB setup, RRC setup, Application
setup, HO
• Not reflecting end user behavior, as users typically start sessions from EMM-
REGISTERED state.

•
Time Subchannel Direction Message
Example script sesssion1 13:56:34.094
13:56:34.094
Uplink
Uplink
ATTACH_REQUEST
PDN_CONNECTIVITY_REQUEST
13:56:34.097 CCCH Uplink RRCConnectionRequest

• Attach 13:56:34.127
13:56:34.132
13:56:34.366
CCCH
DCCH
DCCH
Downlink
Uplink
Downlink
RRCConnectionSetup
RRCConnectionSetupComplete
SecurityModeCommand

• FTP DL (5MB)
13:56:34.368 DCCH Uplink SecurityModeComplete
13:56:34.369 DCCH Downlink UECapabilityEnquiry
13:56:34.390 DCCH Uplink UECapabilityInformation
13:56:34.410 DCCH Downlink RRCConnectionReconfiguration

• FTP UL (3MB) 13:56:34.414

13:56:34.416
DCCH Uplink
Downlink
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
ATTACH_ACCEPT
13:56:34.416 Downlink ACTIVATE_DEFAULT_EPS_BEARER_CONTEXT_REQUEST

• HTTP page DL (x5) 13:56:34.424

13:56:34.458
13:56:34.458
DCCH Uplink
Uplink
Uplink
MeasurementReport
ATTACH_COMPLETE
ACTIVATE_DEFAULT_EPS_BEARER_CONTEXT_ACCEPT

• Ping 32-1024B (x10)

13:56:34.459 DCCH Uplink ULInformationTransfer
13:56:35.464 DCCH Uplink MeasurementReport
13:56:56.606 Uplink DETACH_REQUEST
13:56:56.607 DCCH Uplink ULInformationTransfer

• Detach Session 1 stop

13:56:56.662
13:56:56.663
13:56:56.665
DCCH
DCCH
Downlink
Downlink
Downlink
DLInformationTransfer
RRCConnectionRelease
DETACH_ACCEPT
13:56:57.142 BCCH_BCH Downlink SYSTEM_INFORMATION_BCH
13:56:57.142 BCCH Downlink MASTER_INFORMATION_BLOCK
 Field KPIs Testing methods MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• Each session started from RRC IDLE, EMM-REGISTERED state

• RRC setup - Application data – Wait – Release due to inactivity
• Several data applications can be included in the same session (FTP DL/UL, HTTP, Ping)
• Possible to measure Success Rates/times: Service request, ERAB setup, RRC setup,
Application setup, HO
• Challenges in practical measurement setup, especially with inactivity timer >10s.
Requires specific firewall settings to measurement laptop to block all outgoing
packages during wait period.

• Example script sesssion1

Time
14:25:52.537
Subchannel
CCCH
Direction
Downlink
Message
RRCConnectionSetup
14:25:52.540 DCCH Uplink RRCConnectionSetupComplete

• RRC setup/service request 14:25:52.574

14:25:52.576
14:25:52.577
DCCH
DCCH
DCCH
Downlink
Uplink
Downlink
SecurityModeCommand
SecurityModeComplete
RRCConnectionReconfiguration

• FTP DL (5MB)
14:25:52.581 DCCH Uplink RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
14:25:52.594 DCCH Uplink MeasurementReport
14:25:53.634 DCCH Uplink MeasurementReport

• FTP UL (3MB)
14:26:06.540 DCCH Downlink RRCConnectionRelease
session2 14:26:17.957 CCCH Uplink RRCConnectionRequest
14:26:18.021 CCCH Downlink RRCConnectionSetup
14:26:18.023 DCCH Uplink RRCConnectionSetupComplete

• HTTP page DL (x5) 14:26:18.059

14:26:18.061
DCCH
DCCH
Downlink
Uplink
SecurityModeCommand
SecurityModeComplete
14:26:18.061 DCCH Downlink RRCConnectionReconfiguration

• Ping 32-1024B (x10) 14:26:18.066

14:26:18.077
14:26:19.117
DCCH
DCCH
DCCH
Uplink
Uplink
Uplink
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
MeasurementReport
MeasurementReport

• Wait until released by eNB

14:26:57.044 DCCH Downlink RRCConnectionRelease
session3 ….
 Field KPIs Testing methods MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• Each session started from RCC Connected, EMM-REGISTERED state

• Application data only
• Several data applications can be included in the same session (FTP DL/UL, HTTP,
Ping)
• Possible to measure Success Rates/times: Application setup, HO
• Only mobility and re-establishment/drop related signaling is seen.

• Example script
• FTP DL (5MB)
• FTP UL (3MB)
• HTTP page DL (x5)
• Ping 32-1024B (x10)
RRC States
 RRC States in LTE MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRA RRC Connected Mode

 UE has E-UTRAN RRC connection
 UE has context in E-UTRAN In LTE one distinguishes just between
 E-UTRAN knows UE’s cell
RRC connected
 UE identified by C-RNTI
RRC idle
 UE  Network data exchange possible
 Handover mobility There are no sub-states for RRC
 Neighbour cell measurements connected mode
 UE reports CQI to eNB
 eNB controlled DRX/DTX period
RRC connection
establishment /
release

Idle Mode
 No RRC context stored in the eNB
 UE specific DRX configured by NAS
 Cell re-selection mobility
 Broadcast of system information
 Paging
 UE identified by ID which is unique in a
tracking area
 NAS States in LTE - EMM MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Definition of main EPS Mobility Management states

• EMM-DEREGISTERED
– The UE is not reachable by a MME
– UE context can still be stored in the UE and MME
• EMM-REGISTERED
– UE enters to EMM-Registered with Attach or Tracking Area Update (TAU) procedure
– The UE location is known with accuracy of the tracking area list
– UE has at least one active PDN connection
– After Detach procedure the state is changed to EMM-DEREGISTERED

EMM states in UE EMM states in MME

Detach Detach
Attach reject Attach reject
TAU Reject TAU Reject
All Bearer Deactivated All Bearer Deactivated

EMM-DEREGISTERED EMM-REGISTERED EMM-DEREGISTERED EMM-REGISTERED

Attach accept Attach accept

TAU Accept
 NAS States in LTE - ECM MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Definition of EPS Connection Management states

• ECM-IDLE
– UE is in ECM-IDLE state when no NAS signaling connection between UE and network exists
– In the EMM-REGISTERED and ECM-IDLE state, the UE shall perform
 Tracking Area Update
 Periodic Tracking Area Update
 Service Request
 Answer to paging from MME with Service Request
– UE and MME enter the ECM-CONNECTED state when signaling connection is established.
• ECM-CONNECTED
– UE location is known in the MME with an accuracy of a serving eNodeB.
– For a UE in the ECM-CONNECTED state, there exists a signaling connection between the UE and the MME
– The S1 release procedure changes the state at both UE and MME from ECM-CONNECTED to ECM-IDLE
ECM states in UE ECM states in MME
RRC Released S1 Released

ECM-IDLE ECM-CONNECTED ECM-IDLE ECM-CONNECTED

RRC Established S1 Established

ECM Connected = RRC Connected + S1 Connection

Summary of LTE States MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

EMM state ECM state RRC state UE Location Mobility

EMM_
ECM_IDLE RRC_IDLE Unknown PLMN Selection
Deregistered

EMM_
ECM_IDLE RRC_IDLE Tracking Area Cell Reselection
Registered

EMM_ ECM_ RRC_

Cell Handover
Registered Connected Connected
Paging And Idle Mode DRX
 DTX and DRX for LTE MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• DTX/DRX means that the UE transceiver is switched off for some predefined time
periods

E-UTRA RRC
Air interface is Connected Mode DRX
switched off
for time periods

eNodeB
Idle Mode DRX
UE specific DRX
This saves power on one side but might configured by
have the following consequences NAS
• Longer call setup time
• Lower user throughput achievable
 DTX and DRX for LTE MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• DRX options according 3GPP

– In Idle mode for Paging
This means that the UE is listening to page messages in predefined time
opportunities only and sleeping all other time

E-UTRA RRC
Connected Mode DRX
configured by RRC
– In connected mode DRX
UE is switched off for predefined time interval
Discontinuous monitoring of DL control channel (PDCCH)
Allocations of resources done at specific times
Idle Mode
UE specific DRX
configured by
NAS
 DRX for Paging MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• The UE may use DRX in idle mode in order to reduce power consumption
• One Paging Occasion (PO) is a sub-frame where P-RNTI may be transmitted on the
PDCCH addressing the page message
• One Paging Frame (PF) is a radio frame, which may contain one or several Paging
Occasions
• When DRX is used the UE needs to monitor just one PO per DRX cycle
 Paging Related Parameters MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• Default paging cycle

• Defines the cell specific paging DRX cycle duration
• One radio frame corresponds to 10ms in time
• Increasing the parameter value saves battery capacity in idle mode as
listening to paging is less frequent. But the call setup time is getting longer
due to longer average paging time
• Optionally an UE specific paging cycle length might be signaled by the core
network. In this case the UE follows the shorter of the two cycles
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Paging Related Parameters

• Number of paging occasions

• Defines the number of possible paging occasions per radio frame, i.e. the density of
paging occasions
• Used to calculate the number of paging occasions within one paging DRX
cycle, which in turn is used to calculate the paging occasions
 Page KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN RRC Paging Discard Ratio

Describes the paging request discard ratio on RRC level

Paging DCR = (discarded RRC paging records / transmitted RRC paging records) * 100%
RRC Setup Procedure
 Call Setup Overview MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Core/IMS
UE
Physical Random Access Channel S1
PRACH preamble E-Node B MME
Idle to active
RRC phase

TA, scheduling, ID
RRC connection request
First KPI (like for WCDMA)
RRC connection setup
RRC setup success
RRC connection setup complete

NAS service request encapsulated in

RRC connection setup complete connection service
request
Call & service setup

Connection setup
Security check/command encapsulated in
NAS phase

RRC connection reconfiguration

RRC connection
Reconfiguration complete
SIP invite
SIP session process


Terminating
SIP OK / ringing UE
 RRC Connection Setup Overview (Positive)
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE
S1
E-Node B MME
Idle to active RRC phase

•SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_S
•SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MT
RRCConnectionRequest •SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_D
1 •SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_OTHERS
•SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_EMG

SRB1 setup attempts

2 RRCConnectionSetup

3 RRCConnectionSetupComplete SRB1 setup completions

(with encapsulated Signaling connection establishment

NAS message) completions
NAS phase

Radio Bearer Measurements

UE State Measurements
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

RRC Connection Setup Overview (Positive)

UE
S1
E-Node B MME
Idle to active RRC phase

•SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_S
•SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MT
RRCConnectionRequest •SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_D
1 •SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_OTHERS
•SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_EMG

SRB1 setup attempts

2 RRCConnectionSetup

3 RRCConnectionSetupComplete

(with encapsulated
NAS phase

NAS message)
 RRC Connection Request (Negative) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE
S1
E-Node B MME

RRCConnectionRequest
1
RAC accepts or rejects
RRC Connection
Request
Signaling connection establishment
2 RRCConnectionReject
failures due to rejection by RRM RAC
UE stays in Idle Mode
 RRC Connection Setup (Negative) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE eN MME
B

1 RRCConnectionRequest

2 RRCConnectionSetup

3 Missing RRCConnectionSetupComplete Signaling connection establishment

failures due RRC setup completions
missing
UE stays in Idle Mode
 RRC Connection Setup (Negative) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE eNB MME

1 RRCConnectionRequest

2 RRCConnectionSetup

3 Erroneous or Incomplete Signaling connection establishment

RRCConnectionSetupComplete
failures due RRC setup completions
error
SRB1/2 setup failures
UE stays in Idle Mode
 RRC Connection Setup KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN RRC Connection Setup Success Ratio

Shows the setup success ratio for the elementary procedure "RRC connection
establishment" used to set up a radio connection from UE to eNB

RCC Con SSR = (RRC connection setup completions / RRC connection requests) * 100%
 RRC Connection Setup KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN RRC Connection Establishment Failure Ratio per Cause

Describes the ratio of a specific RRC connection setup failure cause related to all RRC
connection requests

S1 SFR = (RRC Connection Setup failure_x / RRC Connection requests) * 100%

Formula related to missing RRC setup completion

Other causes are;
• RRC protocol error (wrong RRC setup completion)
• Radio access control failure (rejection by RRM RAC)
Radio Admission Control
 Paging and RRC Connection MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

RAC load/data measurements

RAC activities
cell load
measurements by UE

active active users &

# UE keeping and
users RRC connections
& buffered DL/UL
measurements
eNodeB

average
maximum
measurements of
cell
UE's with data buffered active users
(DL/UL) cell
cell
 Paging and RRC Connection MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

 Operator configures both maximum number of established RRC connections

and maximum number of active users per cell by O&M threshold

 RRC connection is established when the SRBs have been admitted and
successfully configured

 UE is considered as active when Radio Bearer is established

 Upper bound for maximum number of supported connections depends on

the BB configuration of eNB
 Paging and RRC Connection MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Controlled Services
– RAC acts on the basis of events like:
• Paging
• Call establishment request
• Handover request
– RAC algorithms controls establishment of
• Signaling radio bearer
• Data radio bearer
• RAC applies different criteria for call establishment and mobility (HO)
• Offset in terms of the number of RRC connections or active users used
• Aim is to keep the already established sessions active and support user mobility
• QoS requirements of DRBs (data radio bearers)
• Resource consumption in a cell
– ARP Based Admission control for E-RABs
 Interaction with other RRM Entities MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

 RAC interacts with other RRM entities

 Mobility management
 Radio Bearer Management
 UE State Management
 RAC interacts with Packet Scheduler
 RAC supports configuration of
 RLC layer
 PDCP layer
 RAC Parameters MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

– Maximum number of RRC connections

• 5 MHz default 300
• 10 MHz default 300
• 15 MHz default 600
• 20 MHz default 600
– Maximum number of active UEs
• 5 MHz 0…600, default 300
• 10 MHz 0…600, default 300
• 15 MHz 0…720, default 600
• 20 MHz 0…840, default 600
– Maximum amount of users per TTI on UL/DL
• 5 MHz default 7
• 10 MHz default 10
• 15 MHz default 15
• 20 MHz default 20
 RRC Connection re -establishment MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

 Motivation:
 In a number of failure cases
 Radio link failure
 Handover failure
 RLC unrecoverable error
 Integrity check failure
 RRC connection reconfiguration failure
 the UE may initiate the RRC connection re-establishment procedure to continue the RRC
connection without going to RRC Idle mode.

 Benefit:
 Improve user experience despite of exceptional radio conditions
 RRC Connection Re-establishment MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE Source Target MME SGW

eNB eNB
Measurement report Packet data

HO decision
HO request
Admin control and
HO request ACK resource allocation
RRC: ConnectionReconfiguration

Deliver buffered and in transit

Detach from old cell packets to Target eNB

Fails to access target Cell SM status Transfer

Cell selection to Source Cell
Data Forwarding
Buffer packets from
source eNB
RRC: ConnectionRe-Establishment
request
Accept RRC Re-establish
Stop data forwarding

HO cancel
RRC: ConnectionRe-establishment

RRC: ConnectionRe-establishment
complete
Re-establish SRB and DRB

RRC: ConnectionrReconfiguration

RRC: Connectionreconfiguration
complete Packet data
LTE Bearer
LTE Bearers MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Bearer Setup
 Attach Procedure (Positive) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE eN MME SGW PGW HSS

B
Random Access
procedure

RRCConnectionSetupComplete
(EMM: Attach Request, ESM: PDN Connectivity Request)

IntialUEMessage
(EMM: Attach Request, ESM: PDN Connectivity Request) EIR

ME identity check procedure ME identity check procedure

Authentication / Security Authentication / Security

Location updating

CreateSessionRequest

7.Session creation
CreateSessionRensponse
 Attach Procedure (Positive) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE eNB MME SGW PGW HSS

•Initial context setup requests

• EPS bearer setup attempts
InitialContextSetupRequest
(EMM: Attach Accept, ESM: Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Request)
Data RB setup attempts
RRCConnectionReconfiguration
SRB2 setup attempts
(EMM: Attach Accept, ESM: Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Request )
Data RB setup completions
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete SRB2 SETUP SUCC

InitialContextSetupResponse
Initial context setup completions
EPS bearer setup completions
ULInformationTransf
er
(EMM: Attach Complete, ESM: Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Complete)
UplinkNASTransport
(EMM: Attach Complete, ESM: Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Complete)
First Uplink
Data Modify Bearer
Request S1 AP Measurements: eNodeB level
Modify Bearer EPS Bearer Measurements: cell level
Response Radio Bearer Measurements: cell level
First Downlink
Data
 Attach Procedure (Positive) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE eNB MME SGW PGW HSS

• Initial context setup requests

• EPS bearer setup attempts
InitialContextSetupRequest
(EMM: Attach Accept, ESM: Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Request)
Data RB setup attempts
RRCConnectionReconfiguration SRB2 setup attempts
(EMM: Attach Accept, ESM: Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Request )
Data RB setup completions
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
SRB2 SETUP complete
InitialContextSetupResponse
 NAS Service Request (Negative) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE eNB MME SGW PGW HSS

InitialContextSetupFailure

S1 setup failure indicated by MME

S1 setup failure, no response from MME
 NAS Service Request (Negative) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE eNB MME SGW PGW HSS

InitialContextSetupRequest

RRCConnectionReconfiguration

Setup DRB
Timer Expires
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete

Data bearer setup failure

 NAS Service Request (Negative) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE eNB MME SGW PGW HSS

InitialContextSetupRequest

RRCConnectionReconfiguration

RRCConnectionReconfigurationCompl
ete

InitialContextSetupResponse (with
failure cause)

EPS bearer setup failure due to Initial context setup failure due to
• Radio network layer • Radio network layer
• Transport layer • Transport layer
• Resource reasons • Resource reasons
• Other reasons • Other reasons
 DRB Setup KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN Data Radio Bearer Setup Success Ratio

Shows the setup success ratio for the data radio bearer setup procedure
The elementary procedure "RRC connection reconfiguration" is used in this
context to setup a user plane (data) radio bearer

DRB SSR = (DRB setup successes / DRB setup attempts) * 100%

 DRB Setup KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN Radio Bearer Success Ratio

The KPI shows the Radio Bearer Success Ratio given as 100% - Radio Bearer Drop
Ratio.

RB SR= 100 - RB DR
 E-RAB Setup KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN E-RAB Setup Success Ratio

Describes the setup success ratio of the elementary E-RAB setup procedure used to
setup the E-RAB between MME and UE
It indicates the E-UTRAN contribution to network accessibility for the end user, not
the whole end-to-end service accessibility.

E-RAB SSR = (E-RAB setup successes / E-RAB setup attempts) * 100 %

 E-RAB Setup KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN E-RAB Setup Success Ratio, QCI1

The KPI describes the setup success ratio of the elementary E-RAB setup procedure
used to setup the E-RAB between MME and UE for QCI1 DRBs.

It indicates the E-UTRAN contribution to network accessibility for the end-user, not
the whole end-to-end service accessibility.

E-RAB SSR QCI1=(E-RAB setup successes QCI1 / E-RAB setup attempts QCI1)*100%
 E-RAB Setup KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN E-RAB Setup Success Ratio, QCI2

The KPI describes the setup success ratio of the elementary E-RAB setup procedure
used to setup the E-RAB between MME and UE for QCI2 DRBs.

It indicates the E-UTRAN contribution to network accessibility for the end-user, not
the whole end-to-end service accessibility.

E-RAB SSR QCI2=(E-RAB setup successes QCI2 / E-RAB setup attempts QCI2)*100%
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
E-RAB Setup KPIs
E-UTRAN E-RAB Setup Success Ratio, non - GBR
The KPI describes the setup success ratio of the elementary E-RAB setup procedure
used to setup the E-RAB between MME and UE for non GBR services.

It indicates the E-UTRAN contribution to network accessibility for the end-user, not
the whole end-to-end service accessibility.

E-RAB SSR non GBR=(E-RAB setup successes non GBR / E-RAB setup attempts non GBR)*100%
 S1 Setup Procedure MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

eNB MME

S1 Setup attempt S1AP: S1 SETUP REQUEST

eNB global ID, eNB name, supported TAs and Paging DRX configuration

SCTP: SACK
S1 Setup complete
S1AP: S1 SETUP RESPONSE
ServedGUMMEI, Relative MME capacity

SCTP: SACK

GUMMEI: Globally Unique MME Identity

TA: Tracking Area
DRX: Discontinue Reception
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
S1 Setup KPIs

E-UTRAN S1 Setup Success Ratio

Shows the setup success ratio for the elementary procedure "S1 Setup“
When this procedure is finished S1 interface is operational and other S1
messages can be exchanged

S1 SSR = (S1 setup successes / S1 setup attempts) * 100%

 S1 Initial Context Setup Procedure MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

eNB MME

Initial context Setup requests S1AP: S1 INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST

SCTP: SACK
Initial Context Setup
completions S1AP: S1 INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE

SCTP: SACK
 Context Setup KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Initial Context Setup Success Ratio

Shows the setup success ratio for the elementary procedure "Initial Context Setup", used
to setup initial UE context in MME (UE associated logical S1 connection)

S1 init Cont SSR = (initial context setup successes / initial context setup attempts) * 100%
X2 Setup
 LTE X2AP MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

eNB1 X2 Setup Procedure: Positive eNB2

X2 setup attempt X2AP: X2 SETUP REQUEST

X2AP: X2 SETUP RESPONSE

It provides measurements related to X2 Setup procedure.

The counters are updated at the originating eNB site
 LTE X2AP MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

eNB1 X2 Setup Procedure: Negative eNB2

X2 setup attempt X2AP: X2 SETUP REQUEST

X2AP: X2 SETUP FAILURE

X2 setup failure

message or expiration of Timer (wait for X2 SETUP RESPONSE)

3GPP TS 36.423
It provides measurements related to X2 Setup procedure.
The counters are updated at the originating eNB site
LTE Bearer Release
 eNodeB Initiated Transition to ECM Idle
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE eNB MME S -GW

UE in Detect user inactivity

RRC -CONNECTED or other eNB trigger

S 1AP : UE Context Release Request

S 1AP : UE Context Release Command

S 11 interaction to inform S -GW

RRC : RRC Connection Release S 1AP : UE Context Release Complete about connection release
L 2 ACK

Set UE to Release all UE related Set UE to

RRC - IDLE resources , ECM -IDLE
remove UE context

Transition due to inactivity

UE consumes less battery power in idle mode
Less active UEs which network has to handle
Fast going to inactivity has drawback of longer connection setup time (more transitions idle to
connected)
 eNodeB Initiated Transition to ECM Idle
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

ECM_CONNECTED
eNB MME eNodeB initiated EPS bearer release
normal release (UE inactivity)
radio network layer inter-RAT redirection
S1AP: UEContextReleaseRequest
With cause
eNodeB initiated transition to ECM idle
normal release

S1AP: UEContextReleaseCommand
With cause

S1AP: UEContextReleaseComplete

ECM_IDLE

EPS Bearer Measurements: cell level Radio bearer release

Radio Bearer Measurements: cell level
normal release
UE State Measurements: cell level
 EPC Initiated Transition to ECM Idle MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

ECM_CONNECTED
eNB MME

S1AP: UEContextReleaseRequest
With cause
S1AP: UEContextReleaseCommand
With cause
S1AP: UEContextReleaseComplete
EPC initiated EPS bearer release
normal release (UE initiated)
detach (UE or MME initiated)
EPC initiated transition to ECM idle
normal release (UE initiated)
detach (UE or MME initiated)

ECM_IDLE

EPS Bearer Measurements: cell level Radio bearer release

Radio Bearer Measurements: cell level detach
UE State Measurements: cell level
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Transition to ECM Idle (Negative)

ECM_CONNECTED
eNodeB initiated EPS bearer release
eNB MME
radio link failure
transport network unavailable
S1AP: UEContextReleaseRequest
With cause
other failure
eNodeB initiated transition to ECM
idle S1AP: UEContextReleaseCommand
With cause
radio link failure
other failure S1AP: UEContextReleaseComplete

Radio bearer release

ECM_IDLE
radio link failure
other failure
 Transition to ECM Idle (Negative) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

ECM_CONNECTED
EPC initiated EPS bearer release eNB MME

radio network layer cause

other cause
EPC initiated transition to ECM
idle
S1AP: UEContextReleaseCommand
radio network layer cause With cause

other cause
S1AP: UEContextReleaseComplete

ECM_IDLE
Radio bearer release
radio network layer cause
other cause
 LTE Bearer Release KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-RAB Normal Release Ratio, user perspective

Describes the ratio of normally released E-RABs from user perspective
Corresponding to a connection completion ratio

E-RAB NRR UP = (normal E-RAB releases user perspective / all E-RAB releases) * 100%
 LTE Bearer Release KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-RAB Normal Release Ratio, RAN perspective

Describes the ratio of normally released E-RABs from RAN perspective

E-RAB NRR UP = (normal E-RAB releases RAN perspective / all E-RAB releases) * 100%
 LTE Bearer Release KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-RAB Drop Ratio, User View

Describes the ratio of abnormally released (dropped) E-RABs from user point of view
Each bearer of the "Bearer to be Released List" IE is counted
User point of view means that as abnormal E-RAB drops both those ones initiated by eNB and EPC are
counted

E-RAB DR = (abnormal E-RAB release requests, user perspective / all E-RAB releases) * 100%
 LTE Bearer Release KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-RAB Drop Ratio, RAN View

Describes the ratio of abnormally released (dropped) E-RABs from RAN point of view
Each bearer of the "Bearer to be Released List" IE is counted
RAN point of view means that as abnormal E-RAB drops only those ones initiated by eNB are counted

E-RAB DR = (abnormal E-RAB releases from RAN point of view / all E-RAB releases) * 100%
Handover
 Handover Types LTE MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• Hard HO in any case, no SHO

• Intra-RAT Handover
– Intra eNodeB
– Inter eNodeB
• Data forwarding over X2
• High performance for 15…120 km/h
• Optimized performance for 0…15 km/h
 If no X2 interface configured between serving and target eNodeB, than HO via S1
interface
• Inter-RAT Handover
- PS HO to WCDMA
- PS HO to GSM not be available
- SRVCC for WCDMA and GSM
 Handover Types LTE MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

other RAT
intersystem HO intersystem HO
triggered by other RAT triggered by e.g.
- coverage of E-UMTS
- service
E-UTRAN macro cell
- load

Inter frequency HO

E-UTRAN micro cells

Intra-frequency HO intra-frequency HO
(intra eNB) (inter eNB, inter MME)
 Handover Procedure MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Lossless
• Packets are forwarded from the source to the target
Network-controlled
• Target cell is selected by the network, not by the UE
• Handover control in E-UTRAN (not in packet core)
UE-assisted
• Measurements are made and reported by the UE to the network
Late path switch
• Only once the handover is successful, is the backhaul tunnel moved
 Handover Procedure MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Handover Late path

Before handover Radio handover
preparation switching

S-GW + P-GW S-GW + P- S-GW + P-GW S-GW + P-GW

GW
MME MME MME MME

Target
Sourc eNB
e eNB X2

= Data in radio = S1 signaling

= signaling in radio = X2 signaling
= GTP tunnel
= GTP signaling
 Handover Algorithm MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

– Initiated by a measurement report

– Handover algorithm decides on HO

– The Handover procedure is composed of a number of single

functions:
Inter eNb
- Measurements X2 HO
- Filtering of measurements
- Reporting of measurement results
- Hard handover algorithm
- Execution of handover Intra eNb

Inter eNb
S1 HO
 Handover Events LTE MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• Intra-RAT Handover
•Currently based on RSRP only, but not on RSRQ
- Events for intra-frequency HO
- A3: A LTE neighbor becomes better than the server according a relative offset
- A5: The server becomes worse than an absolute threshold and a LTE neighbor
better than another absolute threshold
- Events for inter-frequency mobility
- A2: The serving cell becomes worse than an absolute threshold (triggers
redirection)
- A4: Neighbor cell becomes better than a threshold – (Intra eNB Inter freq load
balancing)
• Inter-RAT Mobility
• Event based inter-RAT handover
• B1- Inter Rat Neighbor is better than a threshold
• B2 - Inter Rat Neighbor is better than a threshold and serving cell is below a
threshold
 Event A3 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

RSRP

neighbor

a3Offset
-30..30 dB, 0 dB

a3TimeToTrigger
0..5120 ms (irregular
steps), 0 ms

server

time
start event A3 HO execution
reporting

a3ReportInterval
120 ms..60 min (irregular
steps), 1024 ms
 Event A5 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

RSRP
neighbor
Threshold3a
-140..-43 dBm, -140 dBm

server

Threshold3
-140..-43 dBm, -140 dBm

A5 TimeToTrigger
0..5120 ms (irregular
steps), 0 ms

time
start event A5 HO execution
reporting

A5 ReportInterval
120 ms..60 min (irregular
steps), 1024 ms
Intra eNodeB Handover
Intra eNodeB Handover (Positive) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
 Intra eNodeB Handover (Negative) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

RRC Measurement Control
UL/DL Data (source cell)

L2 UL Allocation

RRC Measurement Reports

Total not started HO preparations
Handover
decision

updated if the HO decision

is not to HO at this time
when measurement report
has been received from UE
 Intra eNodeB Handover KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN HO Preparation Success Ratio (intra eNodeB)

Describes the success ratio for the handover preparation phase
The source eNodeB attempts to prepare resources and finally attempts to start the
handover to a neighboring cell within the own eNodeB

Intra HO prep SR = (number of successful intra eNB HO prep) / (total number of intra eNB
HO preparations) * 100%
= (number of intra eNB HO attempts) / (total number of intra eNB HO
preparations) * 100%
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Intra eNodeB Handover KPIs

E-UTRAN HO Success Ratio (intra eNodeB)

Describes the success ratio for the handover execution phase
The source eNodeB receives information that the UE successfully is connected to
the target cell within own eNodeB

Intra HO SR = (number of successful intra eNB HOs) / (number of intra eNB HO attempts) *
100%
 Intra eNodeB Handover KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN HO Failure Ratio (intra eNodeB)

Describes the ratio of failed intra eNodeB handovers related to all attempted
intra eNodeB handovers
Represents the case of a failed handover when all UE resources are still allocated
for the UE

Intra HO FR = (number of unsuccessful intra eNB HOs) / (number of intra eNB HO

attempts) * 100%
 Intra eNodeB Handover KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN Total HO Success Ratio (intra eNodeB)

Describes the total intra eNB HO Success Ratio from HO preparation start until
successful HO execution
Intra tot HO SR = (intra eNB HO prep successes) / (intra eNB HO preparations) * (intra eNB
HO successes) / (intra eNB HO attempts) * 100%
=(intra eNB HO attempts) / (intra eNB HO preparations) * (intra eNB HO
successes) / (intra eNB HO attempts) * 100%
= (intra eNB HO successes) / (intra eNB HO preparations) * 100%
Inter eNodeB Handover
 Principle MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• Basic mobility feature

• Triggered by same configurable events as
intra eNodeB handover
• Coverage based (event A5)
• Best cell based (event A3)
• Network evaluated handover decision
• Data forwarding via X2
• Radio Admission Control (RAC) gives
priority to handover related access over
other scenarios
S1 X2

S-GW MME
P-GW
S1
 Inter eNodeB Handover (Positive, Preparation)
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

RRC Measurement Control
UL/DL Data (source cell)

L2 UL Allocation
Inter eNodeB Handover Measurements
On level of source cell
RRC Measurement Reports
Handover
decision
X2AP Handover Request

Admission control and

Handover preparation
resources allocation on Attempted Inter eNodeB handover
target cell preparations
X2AP Handover Request Acknowledge
 Inter eNodeB Handover (Positive, Execution)
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

X2AP Handover Request Acknowledge

L2 DL Allocation

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

X2AP Status Transfer

Data forwarding Handover execution

Attempted inter eNodeB handovers
L2 Synchronization

L2 UL Allocation + timing advance

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

 Inter eNodeB Handover (Positive, Completion)
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

RRC Connection Reconfiguration (Meas. Reconfig.)

Path Switch Request

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete User Plane Update Request

End Marker

Packet Data

User Plane Update Response

Path Switch Request Acknowledge

X2AP UE Context Release

Handover completion
Release source Successful inter eNodeB handovers
resources
UL/DL Data (target cell)
 Inter eNodeB Handover (Negative) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

RRC Measurement Control
UL/DL Data (source cell)

L2 UL Allocation

RRC Measurement Reports

Handover
decision
X2AP Handover Request
• Failed inter eNodeB HO preparations
Admission control and • due to timer:
resources allocation on • Failed inter eNodeB HO preparations
• due to target eNodeB admission control
target cell
X2AP Handover Preparation Failure • Failed inter eNodeB HO preparations
or no response • due to other reason
 Inter eNodeB Handover (Negative) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

RRC Connection Reconfiguration (Meas. Reconfig.)

Path Switch Request

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete User Plane Update Request

End Marker

Packet Data

Error or no response
Total inter eNodeB HO failures due
to timer Error or no response
 Inter eNodeB Handover KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN HO Preparation Success Ratio (inter eNodeB X2 based)

Describes the success ratio for the handover preparation phase
The source eNodeB attempts to prepare resources and finally attempts to start
the handover to a neighboring cell in a target eNodeB

Inter X2 based HO prep SR = (number of successful inter eNB X2 based HO prep) /

(total number of inter eNB X2 based HO preparations) * 100%
= (number of inter eNB X2 based HO attempts) /
(total number of inter eNB X2 based HO preparations) * 100%
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Inter eNodeB Handover KPIs

E-UTRAN HO Success Ratio (inter eNodeB X2 based)

Describes the success ratio for the handover execution phase
The source eNodeB receives information that the UE successfully is connected to the target
cell within target eNodeB

Inter X2 based HO SR = (number of successful inter eNB X2 based HOs) / (number of inter
eNB X2 based HO attempts) * 100%
 Inter eNodeB Handover KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN HO Failure Ratio (inter eNodeB X2 based)

Describes the ratio of failed inter eNodeB X2 based handovers related to all
attempted inter eNodeB handovers
Represents the case of a failed handover when all UE resources are still allocated
for the UE

Inter X2 based HO FR = (number of unsuccessful inter eNB X2 based HOs) /

(number of inter eNB X2 based HO attempts) * 100%
 Inter eNodeB Handover KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN Total HO Success Ratio (inter eNodeB X2 based)

Describes the total inter eNB X2 based HO Success Ratio from HO preparation
start until successful HO execution

Inter tot X2 based HO SR =

(inter eNB X2 based HO prep successes) / (inter eNB X2 based HO preparations) *
(inter eNB X2 based HO successes) / (inter eNB X2 based HO attempts) * 100%
=
(inter eNB X2 based HO attempts) / (inter eNB X2 based HO preparations) *
(inter eNB X2 based HO successes) / (inter eNB X2 based HO attempts) * 100%
=
(inter eNB X2 based HO successes) / (inter eNB X2 based HO preparations) * 100%
Inter-System Mobility
 Event A2 Based Redirection MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• RL10 does not support inter-frequency / inter-RAT HO, but just redirection based on event
A2
• Redirection is triggered, if the coverage of the server is below threshold4 for at least the
time given by a2TimeToTriggerRedirect
• Event A2 may be triggered, if e.g. the coverage goes down because no target cell can be
found for handover triggered by event A3 or A5
RSRP

server

threshold4
-140..-43 dBm

a2TimeToTriggerRedirect
0..5120 ms (irregular
steps)

time
start redirection
 X2 Interface MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

(E)-RRC User PDUs .. User PDUs

PDCP
Inter eNodeB interface
RLC TS 36.300
MAC
 X2AP special signaling protocol
LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA) eNB  Functionalities
 Facilitate inter eNodeB handover and
LTE-Uu provide data forwarding for it
X2-UP  Provide e.g. load information to
X2-CP (User Plane) neighbouring eNBs to facilitate radio
(Control Plane) User PDUs resource and interference
TS 36.423 X2-AP GTP-U management
X2
SCTP UDP
TS 36.422
TS 36.424  Logical interface
IP IP
TS 36.421 L1/L2 L1/L2
 Does not need direct site-to-site
TS 36.421
connection
 Can be routed e.g. via core network
TS 36.420
as well
eNB
 X2 Throughput and KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN average incoming Signaling Throughput on X2

Shows the average incoming signaling throughput on X2AP layer per eNB Unit is Kbit/s

AVG IN X2 SIG THP = (incoming X2AP signaling volume) * 8 / (MEASUREMENT_DURATION *

60)

Incoming signaling data volume in KByte

 X2 Throughput and KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN average outgoing Signaling Throughput on X2

Shows the average outgoing signaling throughput on X2AP layer per eNB Unit is Kbit/s

AVG OUT X2 SIG THP =(outgoing X2AP signaling volume) * 8 / (MEASUREMENT_DURATION

* 60)

Outgoing signaling data volume in KByte

 X2 Throughput and KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN average incoming Data Throughput on X2

Shows the average incoming user plane data throughput on X2AP layer per eNB Unit is Kbit/s

AVG X2 DAT THP IN = (incoming X2AP user plane data volume) * 8 / 1000 /
(MEASUREMENT_DURATION * 60)

Incoming user plane data volume in Byte

 X2 Throughput and KPIs MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

E-UTRAN average outgoing Data Throughput on X2

Shows the average outgoing user plane data throughput on X2AP layer per eNB Unit is Kbit/s

AVG X2 DAT THP OUT= (outgoing X2AP user plane data volume) * 8 / 1000 /
(MEASUREMENT_DURATION * 60)

Outgoing user plane data volume in Byte

 Summery MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

 Air Interface KPI

 RRC States
 Paging And Idle Mode DRX
 RRC Setup Procedure
 Radio Admission Control
 LTE Bearer
 Bearer Setup
 LTE Bearer Release
 Handover
 Intra eNodeB handover
 Inter eNodeB handover
 Inter System Mobility
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

“HAPPY LEARNING”

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

www.mcpsinc.com