LOGO

CATHODIC PROTECTION DESIGN

FOR OFFSHORE PIPELINE AND
SUBSEA STRUCTURE

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CONTENTS

1 GENERAL

2 CRITERIA FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION

3 FLOWCHART OF CP CALCULATION

4 REFERENCE OF CP DESIGNED PARAMETERS

5 ANODE INSTALLATION & DISTRIBUTION

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General

 Carbon steel/ stainless steel exposed to seawater → corrosive reaction:

Anodic Cathodic

 Cathodic Protection (CP): make protected subject be a cathode of

electrochemical cell.

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General

Methods of
Cathodic
Protection

SACP: ICCP:
GALVANIC IMPRESSED
ANODE CURRENT
SYSTEM

Offshore
pipelines
and subsea
structures

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General

Applied standards for offshore cathodic protection design:

1- ISO 15589-2: Petroleum and natural gas industries - Cathodic
protection of pipeline transportation systems- Part 2: Offshore
pipelines
2- DNV-RP-B401: Cathodic Protection Design.
3- DNV RP F103: Cathodic protection of Submarine pipelines by
Galvanic anodes.
4- Norsok Standard M-503: Cathodic Protection
5- NACE-RP-0176: Corrosion Cotrol of Steel Fixed Offshore
Structurea Associated with Petroleum Production.
6- NACE-RP-0492: Metallurgical and Inspection Requirements for
Offshore Pipeline Bracelet Anodes
7- NACE RP 0387: Metallurgical and Inspection Requirements for
Cast Sacrificial Anodes for Offshore Applications

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General

Sacrificial anode (galvanic anode)

 Advantage:
 No external power required
 Relatively easy installation
 Little chance of cathodic
interference
 Little maintenance
 Less inspection and
recordkeeping than with
impressed current systems

 Disadvantage: Not suited for

media with low conductivity, e.g. in
soil

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General

OFFSHORE CP DESIGN

INPUT OUTPUT
1- Pipeline / Structure:
• Material,
• Length, Outside diameter / Area
• Temperature, 1-Quantity of anodes
• Type and thickness of corrosion coating
2-Weight and dimensions of
(line pipe coating, field joint coating) and
anodes
weight coating,
• Pipe laying condition 3-Distribution of anode (anode
2- Deign life: spacing)

3- Environment
• Resistivity,
• Temperature,
• Water depth
• Salinity

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General

The most commonly used sacrifical anode materials for offshore are:
• Al
• Zn

Aluminium:

• high eletrochemical capacity

→ reduce total mass of anode (saves weight)
long operating time (low consumption rate)
• high driving voltage

Al-Zn-In anodes most commonly used for offshore

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General

Zinc:

• low driving voltage

• low capacity (results in high weight of anodes)
• temperature limits < 40 Co

Often used on constructions buried in mangrove mud

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General

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General

Aluminum semi-cylindrical bracelet anode, square ended

corner: flush mounted with concrete coating

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General

Stand-off anode for jacket

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General

ELECTROCHEMICAL INFORMATION OF ANODE IN CP DESIGN:

- Electrochemical capacity
- Closed circuit potential
- Anode utilization factor

Suitable composition of anode material helps it meet these requirements

Facilities of bracelet anode:

- Inner side coating of anode
- Cable for anode electrical continuity

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Criteria for Cathodic Protection

Potential Criteria:

Media with high salinity (offshore)

maximum -800 mV, ref Ag/AgCl
minimum -1100 mV, ref Ag/AgCl

Media with immediate salinity (nearshore)

maximum -850 mV, ref Cu/CuSO4
minimum -1100 mV, ref Cu/CuSO4

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FLOWCHART OF CP CALCULATION

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 Water depth; CP Coating type;
design design life
temperature

Protected total
surface area Initial/mean/final current density Coating breakdown factor

Initial/mean/final current demand

Number of anodes with the selected

spacing 1
Total net anode mass
Pipe diameter + line
pipe coating Pipe diameter + line
Net weight of each anode pipe coating

Anode
diameter Length of anode Anode
diameter

Initial exposed surface area of anode Final exposed surface area of anode

Anode
thickness Anode
thickness

CWC
CWC
Initial anode resistance Final anode resistance
Driving voltage =
(Protection potential;
Closed circuit potential) ??? Final anode current output
Initial anode current output

Checking calculation criteria: 1

Number of anode based on final
2
condition
Total current capacity
2
Initial/ Final current demand
 Water depth; Coating type;
CP design design life
temperature
Protected total
surface area Initial/mean/final current density Coating breakdown factor

Initial/mean/final current demand

Total net anode mass

Net weight of each anode

Length of anode

Initial exposed surface area of anode Final exposed surface area of anode

Initial anode resistance Final anode resistance

Initial anode current output Final anode current output

Checking calculation criteria:

Number of anode based on
 Total current capacity final condition
 Initial/ Final current demand
REFERENCE OF CP DESIGNED
PARAMETERS

1/ Current densities = (Depth, Climate, pipe-environment surface’s

temperature)

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REFERENCE OF CP DESIGNED
PARAMETERS
2/ Coating breakdown factor = (Design life, coating type)

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REFERENCE OF CP DESIGNED
PARAMETERS

3/ Electrochemical parameters = (Environment)

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REFERENCE OF CP DESIGNED
PARAMETERS

4/ Anode utilization factor = (Anode Type)

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REFERENCE OF CP DESIGNED
PARAMETERS

5/ Anode resistance= (Anode dimensions and environment resistivity)

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ANODE INSTALLATION &
DISTRIBUTION

BRACELET ANODE
 Anode spacing is set at a fix number of pipe joints, limiting < 300m
 Anode installed post: middle of pipe (usually)
 Consider to install anode on the portion of pipeline near the platform

STAND-OFF ANODE
 Minimum distance from anodes to protective object is 300 mm.
 Whenever practical, anodes dedicated to CP of surfaces buried in
sediments shall be located freely exposed to the sea.
 Anodes shall be located with 0.5 meter or more spacing between
each other to avoid interaction effects that reduce the useful current
output.
 No anodes shall be located for welding to areas with high fatigue
loads.
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