Engineering and Organization: Preparedby:sitikhalijah

CHAPTER 2
ENGINEERING AND
ORGANIZATION
Preparedby:sitikhalijah
The responsibilities of engineer
in government and private sector
ENGINEER’S QUALIFICATION
 The purpose of accreditation is to ensure that the

accredited engineering programme satisfies the
minimum academic requirements for registration as
a graduate engineer with the Board of Engineers,
Malaysia (BEM).
 Registered engineer are qualified to enter the
engineering profession as an ‘ENGINEER’.
PROGRAMME OUTCOME
 Programme Outcomes are statements that describe

what students are expected to know and be able to
perform or attain by the time of graduation. These
relate to the skills, knowledge, and behaviour that
students acquire through the programme.
 Students of an engineering programme are
expected to attain the following:
PROGRAMME OUTCOME (continued)
 ability to acquire and apply knowledge of science

and engineering fundamentals;
 acquired in‐depth technical competence in a
specific engineering discipline;
 ability to undertake problem identification,
formulation and solution;
 ability to utilise systems approach to design and
evaluate operational performance;
 understanding of the principles of design for

sustainable development;
 understanding of professional and ethical
responsibilities and commitment to them;
 ability to communicate effectively, not only with
engineers but also with the community at large;
 ability to function effectively as an individual and

in a group with the capacity to be a leader or
manager ;
 understanding of the social, cultural, global and
environmental responsibilities of a professional
engineer; and
 recognising the need to undertake life‐long
learning, and possessing/acquiring the capacity to
do so.
BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING
Engineer in all branches possess a

common core of math, science and
basic engineering knowledge that
prepares them for the advance
course work in their specific
disciplines.
BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING
 Major engineering branches of engineering are:

• Civil engineering
• Aeronautics and astronautics
• Biological engineering
• Chemical engineering
• Computer science & engineering
• Electrical & electronic engineering
• Mechanical engineering
BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING (continued)
• Major engineering branches of engineering are:

• Agricultural engineering
• Automotive engineering
• Environmental engineering
• Industrial engineering
• Manufacturing engineering
• Marine engineering
• Nuclear engineering
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Civil engineering is a professional engineering

discipline that deals with the design, construction
and maintenance of the physical and naturally
built environment, including works such as
bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings.
CIVIL ENGINEERING SUB -DISCIPLINES
 Sub-disciplines of civil engineering including:

• Environmental engineering
• Geotechnical engineering
• Structural engineering
• Transportation engineering
• Water resources engineering
• Materials engineering
• Coastal engineering
• Surveying
• Construction engineering
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
• Concerned on air quality, land use and water

quality
• Environmental engineer are involve in air
pollution, water pollution, solid waste
management and water supply.
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
• Geotechnical engineering is
an area of civil engineering
concerned with the rock and
soil.
• Knowledge from the fields of
geology, material science and
testing, mechanics and
hydraulics are applied to
design foundations, retaining
wall and similar structures
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
• Concerned in structural
design and structural
analysis of structure.
• Identifying the loads
which act upon a
structure and the forces
and stresses which arise
within that structure due
to those loads, and then
designing the structure
to successfully support
and resist those loads.
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
• Includes area such as

transportation design,
transportation planning,
traffic engineering,
pavement engineering and
infrastructure engineering.
• Involves, specifying,
designing, constructing
and maintaining
transportation
infrastructure.
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
• Concerned in total water

cycle including
precipitation, runoff and
ground water resources.
• Combines hydrology,
meteorology and resource
management.
• Relates in quality and
quantity of water.
MATERIALS ENGINEERING
• Deals with material

that been used in civil
engineering
construction.
• Consist of protection
and prevention of
materials.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
• Managing
coastal area
to protect
flooding
and
erosion.
SURVEYING
• Surveying is the process by which a surveyor

measures certain dimensions that generally occur
on the surface of the Earth.
• This information is crucial to convert the data into
a graphical representation.
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
• Involve planning and

execution of the design from
transportation, site
development, hydraulic,
environmental, structural
and geotechnical engineers.
• Construction engineer are
managers of construction
and usually do not handle
design work.
ENGINEER IN PUBLIC SECTOR
 Job description - Perform maintenance and repairs

on all buildings and public facilities, and overseeing
the engineering aspects.
 Civil engineering are related to :
• Ministry of Work
• Ministry of Housing and Local Goverment
• Ministry of National Resources and Environment (NRE)
• Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)
• Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water
• Ministry of Transport Malaysia
AGENCIES IN MINISTRY OF WORKS
 Public Work Department

 Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia
 Construction Industry Development Board
 Lembaga Jurutera Malaysia
 Lembaga Juruukur Bahan Malaysia
 Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia
DEPARTMENT IN NRE
 Department of Director General of Lands and Mines (JKPTG)

 Department of Survey & Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM)
 National Institute of Land and Survey (INSTUN)
 Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia (JPSM)
 Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
 Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia (JMG)
 Department of Environment (JAS)
 Department of Wildlife & National Parks Peninsular Malaysia
(PERHILITAN)
 Department of Irrigation and Drainage (JPS)
 National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM)
DISCUSSION
 List two (2) responsibilities of government agencies as listed

below :
• Drainage and Irrigation Department(DID)
• Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia (LLM)
• Public Works Department(PWD)
• Board of Engineer Malaysia (BEM)
 Identify type of job offered in government agencies.
ENGINEER IN PRIVATE SECTOR
 Construction- is a professional discipline that deals with

the designing, planning, construction and management of
infrastructure or building
 Manufacturing- for research and engineering division
many engineer held position as vice president, research
engineer, design engineer, quality control engineer and
related support activities including reliability and
maintainability works.
 At plant - maintenance, manufacturing and quality
engineer are most popular position.
 Technically complex project- more engineer involves
in technical sales, field service engineer, and logistic
support. Preparedby:sitikhalijah
CAREER FIELD FOR ENGINEER
1.Operational careers: Engineers are involved at

operating area e.g. manufacturing, purchasing, planning,
customer service, and sales.
2.Research & design careers: This needs engineers to
exert continuous effort to be on top of technology.
3.Engineering management careers: Engineers are
also have management responsibilities.
CAREER FIELD FOR ENGINEER
4.Entrepreneurial careers: This means that the engineer

had set up his own company.
5.Consulting careers: Consultants might be asked to provide
designs, give advice, solve problem, or provide expert
testimony.
6.Academic careers: It means either in school, college or
university teaching. A university teaching needs effective
combination of research, consulting and writing tasks.
Engineer’s responsibility in its
organization
ENGINEERING
A KNOWLEDGE OF THE MATHEMATICAL AND
NATURAL SCIENCES GAINED BY STUDY,
EXPERIENCE, AND PRACTICE IS APPLIED WITH
JUDGMENT TO DEVELOP SOMETHING FOR THE
BENEFIT OF MANKIND.
ORGANIZATION
an organized body of people with a particular purpose,
especially a business, society, association, etc.
ENGINEER MUST..
CAPABLE
ABILITY
EFFICIENT
Competent
Should have..
Knowledge
Experience
In doing
(Public/Private)
Skill Planning
communication Organizing
Attitude-etiquette Staffing Managing
-ethics Directing
Controlling
religious
Forecasting
ROLES OF ENGINEER
 Engineer must perform the basic functions of

management :
• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing
• Controlling
• Forecasting
• Managing
PLANNING
 Planning provides a method of identifying

objectives and designing a sequence of program &
activities to achieve objectives.
 Engineer’s role in planning
• Develop planning focused on the work to be performed
• Establish project objectives and performance requirements
early so everyone involved knows what is required
• Establish clear and well defined milestones in project
• Build contingencies into plan
• Communicate the project plan to clearly define individual
responsibilities, schedule and budget.
ORGANIZING
 Organizing is the act of rearranging elements

following one or more rules.
 Engineer’s role in organizing :
• Organize the project around the work to be accomplish
• Develop a work breakdown structure that divides the project
into definable and measurable units of works
• Establish project organization chart to clearly shows the
appropriate communication channels between people involve
• Define clearly the authority and responsibility for all members.
STAFFING
 Staffing involves manning the organization structure

through proper and effective selection, appraisal and
development of the personnel to fill the roles
assigned to the employers/workforce.
 Engineer’s role in staffing:
• Recruitment, selection, placement, training and
development for team members
• Define clearly work to be performed
• Explain to team members the expectations and how their
works can fit into project
DIRECTING
 Directing is a process in which the managers

instruct, guide and oversee the performance of the
workers to achieve predetermined goals.
 Engineer’s role in directing:
• Serve as an effective leader in coordinating all important
aspects into projects
• providing guidance to workers is doing work
• guiding, inspiring, overseeing and instructing people towards
accomplishment of organizational goals.
• Analyze and investigate problem early to found solution
earlier.
CONTROLLING
 Controlling is compelling events to conform to plan

 Engineer’s role in controlling:
• Maintain a record of planned and actual work
accomplished to measure project performances
• Keep record of meetings, telephone conversation, etc.
• Use the effective control system
• Having a solutions to the problems.
FORECASTING
 meaning to foresee and prepare for action.

 Engineer’s role in planning :
• The production level( determine how many people
must hire & train, if production decline)
• Needs for new facilities & equipments
• Size of sales force & adverting budget
• New funding for investment
• Investment in inventory & accounts receivable.
• future market and technology will be like.
MANAGING
 Management is the act of getting people together to

accomplish desired goals and objectives using
available resources efficiently and effectively.
Management comprises planning, organizing,
staffing, directing and controlling an organization
or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.
Engineers in Construction Field
WHAT DO CIVIL ENGINEERS REALLY DO?
WHAT DO CIVIL ENGINEERS REALLY DO?
CIVIL ENGINEER
A civil engineer is responsible for using their civil

engineering background to plan and oversee
various construction efforts in many different
areas of this field. They will apply civil engineering
principles to ensure that structures are
constructed in the safest, sturdiest manner.
ENGINEERING ROLE
A civil engineer requires not only a high standard

of engineering knowledge but also supervisory and
administrative skills. The planning part of their
work involves site investigation, feasibility studies,
creating solutions to complications that may occur
and the actual designing of structures.
Project Team Construction
1. Client/ Owner
2. Consultant
Stage
1. Pre
- PMC
2. Construction
- Architect
4. Post
- C&S
- M&E
- QS
3. Contractor/ Developer
4. Authority
In site Officer
1. S.O/ wakil S.O
2.Project Manager/RE/
Project engineer/Site Engineer
4. Site Supervisor
5. Safety Officer
PARTIES INVOLVED IN PROJECT
 Promoter (Client) – initiates the project and is

responsible for providing funds for its execution.
 Engineer (Consultant) – appointed by the
Promoter and responsible for producing design
alternatives, computations, drawing, specifications
that meet needs of the client and supervise the
construction work.
 Contractor – responsible for the performance of all
work in accordance with the contract documents
that have been prepared by engineer.
PARTIES INVOLVED IN PROJECT
 Superintending Officer (SO)

• Represent Client (normally for government works at
M’sia)
• Responsible for the overall supervision and direction of
the works
 Resident Engineer ( Engineer Representative/ RE)
• represents the Engineer on the site of the works.
• Appoint by promoter (client)
• Responsible for the overall supervision and direction of
the works
PROJECT ENGINEER
 to design in detail, amplifying the tender drawings

by further drawings, which are instructions to the
Contractor under the Contract
 to redesign if there are varied requirements of the
Promoter or changed site conditions, and to
estimate the effect which each of these variations
will have on the programme and cost of the Works;
these variations must be valued in accordance with
the Contract
 to supervise the Engineer's Representative
(Resident Engineer)
PROJECT ENGINEER
 to prepare forecasts of expenditure and regular and

special progress reports
 to check the monthly measurement of work done
preparatory to the issue by the Engineer of interim
payment certificates; it is desirable that agreement
on payments remains as far as possible with the
Engineer's Representative and the Agent
 to issue the Engineer's certificates for interim
payment to the Contractor
 to settle claims and disputes and to issue
completion and maintenance certificates.
RESIDENT ENGINEER
 to watch and supervise on a day to day basis the

construction and maintenance of the project.
 Depending on the size of the project, they may
have assistant staff under him.
 must plan ahead and discuss future parts of the
Works with the Agent of the Contractor (Project
Engineer) to ensure that the phasing of the Works
is properly planned to suit the approved
programme.
RESIDENT ENGINEER
 The principal duties of the Consultant's

Representative are
• to organize his work to suit the approved programme
• to co-operate closely with the Contractor on matters of
safety
• to supervise the Works to check that they are executed to
correct line and level and that the materials and
workmanship comply with the Specification
• to examine the methods proposed by the Contractor for
the execution of the Works, the primary object being to
ensure the safe and satisfactory execution of the
permanent work
• to execute and/or supervise tests carried out on the site,
and to inspect materials and manufacture at source
where this is not done by the Engineer's head office staff
RESIDENT ENGINEER
• to keep a diary constituting a detailed history of the work

done and of all happenings at the site, and to submit
periodic progress reports to the Engineer
• to measure in agreement with the Contractor's staff the
quantities of work executed, and to check daywork and
other accounts so that the interim and final payments due
to the Contractor may be certified by the Engineer
• in the case of any work for which the Contractor may
claim payment as additional work, to agree with the
Contractor and record all relevant circumstances so as to
ensure that agreement exists on matters of fact before
any question of principle has to be decided by the
Engineer
RESIDENT ENGINEER
• to record the progress of the work in comparison with the

programme
• to record on drawings the actual level and nature of all
foundations, the character of the strata encountered in
excavation and full details of any deviations from the
Drawings which may have been made during the
execution of the Works, i.e. to produce all record
drawings.
PRE CONTRACT DUTIES OF ENGINEER
 Ensure that the Employer is aware that he carries the

financial risk for unforeseen events and of the financial
managerial and advisory resources required for the
Contract.
 Warn the Employer of the decisions and actions required of
him, giving programme dates for the finalization of designs,
the provision of access, construction and taking over of the
Works.
 Design and detail the Works and as far as possible prepare
clear working drawings and a concise Specification.
 Prepare accurate Bills of Quantities, detailing the works
required and complying with the Standard Method of
Measurement where possible. Preparedby:sitikhalijah
 Ensure that the Employer and his staff understand the role of the
Engineer under the ICE Conditions of Contract in ensuring fair
dealings between the Contractor and the Employer
 Adopt the ICE Conditions of Contract (or, for ancillary
works,national and well-understood conditions of contract) in
full, without any variations or deletions, and draw the
Employer's attention to the powers and duties of the Engineer
under the Contract.
 Ensure that the Employer and his Auditors accept the
ICE/CIPFA joint statement on the relationship between
Engineers and Auditors' and accept that the Engineer has the
quasi-judicial powers to make decisions that are final and bind-
ing on the Employer and Contractor, subject only to reference to
arbitration.
 ensure that the Engineer has a defined and readily

understood method of selecting tenderers and recommend
that the number invited should be limited
 Ensure that all tenderers receive the same tendering
information and are given a sufficient period for the
preparation of tenders.
 Make all site and service information in the Employer's and
Engineer's possession available to those invited to tender.
 Ensure that tenders are delivered in specifically marked
envelopes to the Employer or the Engineer by a fixed date
and time, and that they are opened in the presence of
witnesses at a declared fixed time.
POST CONTRACT DUTIES OF ENGINEER
 Check tenders carefully and correct any errors in the

extension of items, rates, times and quantity. Notify
tenderers of any resulting changes in the totals of the priced
Bills of Quantities and tender sums.
 Review tenders received and make a tender evaluation
report
 Advise the Employer to give tenderers the name of the
successful tenderer at the earliest opportunity and
recommend that the list of the values of the tenders
received be circulated.
 On the appointment of the Contractor, confirm the appoint-
ment by letter.
 State by letters to the Contractor and Engineer's

Representative details of the powers and responsibilities
which are to be delegated to the latter.
 Agree the extent and methods of payment for variations
and extras.
 Do not exceed the powers granted by the Employer
 Make decisions on extensions of time at the stages and
times required under the Contract.
 Ensure that a site diary and site records are properly kept
and agreed where appropriate with the Contractor, and
arrange for regular progress photographs to be taken.
 Ensure that site meetings are held at least once a month

and that minutes are kept and agreed.
 Issue certificates for payments after interim measurements
promptly
 Visit the site regularly - at least once a month. Inspect
works in progress and review compliance with the Contract
programme.
 Ensure that nominated subcontractors are properly
appointed by the main contractor and that appropriate
Subcontract Conditions of Contract are applied
 Agree measurements of quantities for completed work as
the work proceeds, and agree with the Contractor that they
are to be carried unaltered to the final account Preparedby:sitikhalijah
 Ensure that claims are properly detailed and that any sums due
thereon are settled as soon as possible
 Ensure that Certificates of Maintenance and Completion are
issued to the Contractor on time
 Ensure that the Employer is aware of his new insurance liability
when the Maintenance Certificate is issued
 When preparing decisions under clause 66 of the ICE Conditions
of Contract, review all the evidence available and, if possible,
arrange for the Engineer's Representative to put the Employer's
case, and the Contractor his, to enable a clear judgment to be
made of the issues.
 In the event of arbitration, try to keep the dispute within the
scope of the Engineer's decision given under clause 66 of the ICE
Conditions of Contract, and present evidence fairly and concisely
EXERCISE
On behalf of the government, JKR will construct 4 storeys

School building at Parit Raja, Bt Pahat. You as a Civil
Engineer in JKR who’s direct involve and responsible as a
Project Manager for this project, what should you do to
executing the project.
Ethics and professionalism in
engineering
ETHICS
 Ethic is the study of the morality of human

actions. It is the science of determining values in
human conduct and of deciding what ought to be
done in different circumstances and situations.
 Major areas of study in ethics include:
• Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning and reference of
moral propositions and how their truth values may be
determined;
• Normative ethics, about the practical means of determining
a moral course of action;
• Applied ethics, about how moral outcomes can be achieved
in specific situations; eg. Engineering Ethics (futher
discussion on Chapter 3)
INTERACTION RULES OF BEHAVIOR
 Engineers rarely work as lone individuals; we

generally work in teams.
 Therefore, we need a set of interaction rules
outlining the expected sets of behavior between the
engineer, other individuals, and society as a whole.
 Interaction rules can be classified as etiquette, law,
morals, and ethics
 Etiquette
• rules of acceptable personal behavior and courtesy when
interacting with others in a social setting.
• Addresses such issues as how many forks to place on the
dinner table, proper dress at weddings, seating arrangements,
and invitations to parties.
• In engineering, proper etiquette is manifested by showing
proper respect to employers and clients, not embarrassing
colleagues, answering the phone in a professional manner, and
so forth.
 Laws
• a system of rules and punishments clearly defined and
established by a society to maintain a safe and orderly social
environment.
• violations of law carry penalties such as imprisonment, fines,
community service, death, dismemberment, or banishment.
Each society has its own consequences for law violations.
• Example of law in engineering : Registration of Engineers Act
1967 of Malaysia stipulates that all engineers including
graduate engineers shall register with BEM to take up an
employment as a Graduate Engineer.
 Morals
• personal rules of right and wrong behavior derived from a
person’s upbringing, religious beliefs, and societal influences.
• Moral are derive from our parents, religious background,
friends, and the media.
 Ethics
• a code or system of rules defining moral behavior for a
particular society.
• Most professional societies have a formal code of ethics to
guide their members.
• Code of ethics for engineer by BEM
MALAYSIA ENGINEERING SOCIETY/
ASSOCIATIONS
 An engineering society is a professional
organizations for engineers of various disciplines.
 For Civil engineer
• Board of Engineers Malaysia
• The Institution of Engineers Malaysia
• Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia
• Malaysian Society for Engineering and Technology
• Road Engineering Association of Malaysia
BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA (BEM)
 Is a statutory body constituted under the

Registration of Engineers Act 1967.
 It was formed in 23rd August 1972.
 Its primary role is to facilitate the registration of
engineers and regulate the professional conduct and
practice of registered engineers in order to safeguard
the safety and interest of the public.
 Function of BEM are :

• Maintain the Register
• Process Applications for Registration
• Assessment of Academic Qualifications
• Regulate the Conduct and Ethics of the Engineering Profession
• Disputes on Professional Conduct and Ethics
• Fix the Scale of Fees
• Stakeholder
• Publication
• Promotion of Continued Learning and Education
 Requirements for Graduate Engineer

• An engineering degree accredited/recognized by EAC,
BEM available in an approved list maintained by EAC,
BEM.
• For degree which is not recognised (e.g. 3 years
programme) need to be top up with a master degree by
instruction from accredited university.
 Registration fee of RM50.00 is compulsory for each
and every candidate who wish to apply.
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS
MALAYSIA
 Established in 1959
 Primary function is to promote and advance the
science and profession of engineering in any or all of
its disciplines and to facilitate the exchange of
information and ideas related to engineering.
MALAYSIA
 Services
• Professional Interviews
• Educational and Social Activities
• Engineer's Week
• IEM Engineering Career Advisors
• Publications
• Library
• Affinity Programmes
MALAYSIA
 Membership
• Students
 shall be a person who is not less than 17 years of age
 pursuing a course leading to the award of an engineering
degree or diploma or equivalent
 Candidate enrolled for Part I or Part II of the IEM /BEM
Graduate Examination or Examination of an overseas
professional institution recognized by the Council
• Associate
• Affiliate
• Incorporated
• Graduate
• Member
• Fellow
ASSOCIATION OF CONSULTING
ENGINEERS MALAYSIA
 Aims and objective

• promoting the advancement of the profession of consulting
engineering
• to ensure that Consulting Engineers undertaking to advise on
engineering matters shall be fully qualified engineers in their
respective fields and should act in all professional matters in a
strictly fiduciary capacity to their clients
MALAYSIAN SOCIETY FOR
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 To provide a powerful platform for its members to

network and enhance their professionalism and
ethical conduct, while nurturing them into leading
professionals and captains of the industry.
ROAD ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION OF
MALAYSIA
 National organization which represents the road

engineering fraternity in the country.
 Membership
• Honorary Membership
• Ordinary Membership
• Institutional Membership
• Affiliate Membership
• Associate Membership
• Life Membership
• Student Membership

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CHAPTER 2

 The purpose of accreditation is to ensure that the

 Programme Outcomes are statements that describe

 ability to acquire and apply knowledge of science

 understanding of the principles of design for

 ability to function effectively as an individual and

Engineer in all branches possess a

 Major engineering branches of engineering are:

• Major engineering branches of engineering are:

Civil engineering is a professional engineering

 Sub-disciplines of civil engineering including:

• Concerned on air quality, land use and water

• Includes area such as

• Concerned in total water

• Deals with material

• Surveying is the process by which a surveyor

• Involve planning and

 Job description - Perform maintenance and repairs

 Public Work Department

 Department of Director General of Lands and Mines (JKPTG)

 List two (2) responsibilities of government agencies as listed

 Identify type of job offered in government agencies.

 Construction- is a professional discipline that deals with

1.Operational careers: Engineers are involved at

4.Entrepreneurial careers: This means that the engineer

 Engineer must perform the basic functions of

 Planning provides a method of identifying

 Organizing is the act of rearranging elements

 Staffing involves manning the organization structure

 Directing is a process in which the managers

 Controlling is compelling events to conform to plan

• Use the effective control system

• Having a solutions to the problems.

 meaning to foresee and prepare for action.

 Management is the act of getting people together to

A civil engineer is responsible for using their civil

A civil engineer requires not only a high standard

 Promoter (Client) – initiates the project and is

 Superintending Officer (SO)

 to design in detail, amplifying the tender drawings

 to prepare forecasts of expenditure and regular and

 to watch and supervise on a day to day basis the

 The principal duties of the Consultant's

• to keep a diary constituting a detailed history of the work

• to record the progress of the work in comparison with the

 Ensure that the Employer is aware that he carries the

 ensure that the Engineer has a defined and readily

 Check tenders carefully and correct any errors in the

 State by letters to the Contractor and Engineer's

 Ensure that site meetings are held at least once a month

On behalf of the government, JKR will construct 4 storeys

 Ethic is the study of the morality of human

 Engineers rarely work as lone individuals; we

 Is a statutory body constituted under the

 Function of BEM are :

• Process Applications for Registration

• Assessment of Academic Qualifications

• Regulate the Conduct and Ethics of the Engineering Profession

• Disputes on Professional Conduct and Ethics

• Fix the Scale of Fees

• Promotion of Continued Learning and Education

 Requirements for Graduate Engineer