Intelligent Underlay Overlay

1 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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Terminology 1/3

f8

f4

f14 f6

f10 f7

f12

f15

f5 f9

f13 f11

2 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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Terminology 2/3

• Regular BCCH-TRX
f3
• super-reuse TRX
f3
f2
• different frequence reuse
f1
patterns
f2 f1
• Super reuse frequencies form
the underlay network where
frequencies are reused very
f3 intensively to produce the
extended capacity
f3 f2 f1 • interference limited
dominance areas in super-
f2 f1
reuse TRXs
• selection between
regular/super-reuse TRXs
based on C/I ratio
• call setup to regular TRX
• inter cell HO always to regular
3 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /
TRX
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Terminology 3/3
Using Intelligent Underlay-Overlay concept with microcells

f3

f3
f2 f1

f2 f1
f1

• Microcells to hot spots

f3
f1 (microcells using only super
frequencies are called child cells)
f3 f2 f1
• Calls are established only in the
f2
regular TRXs
f1
• Microcell interference is
estimated by using closest
regular TRX as a reference
(compare C/I based handover
4 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /
candidate evaluation)
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SuperReuse and Regular frequencies

f1
f1

f1 f1

f1 f1

In order to avoid interference caused by tight Regular frequency is used when the mobile is
frequency reuse, the super reuse frequencies are further away from the BTS where RxLev would be
intended to serve MS which are close to the BTS. low and co channel interference high.

5 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

 Intelligent Underlay-Overlay
Regular layer (reuse = 12) Regular layer (reuse = 12)
Regular layer (reuse = e.g. 12) Regular layer (reuse = e.g. 12)

 Service region of super layer controlled by interference

(superReuseGoodCIThreshold)
 Call handed over from super layer to regular layer when
interference becomes excessive (superReuseBadCIThreshold)

<-------- Interference region ---------->

Super layer (reuse = e.g. 7) Super layer (reuse = e.g. 7)

6 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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Most of the area served by super reuse frequency

regular frequencies super reuse

coverage layer capacity layer
(green areas has high interference
C/I ratio under 12 dB)

7 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

 INTELLIGENT UNDERLAY OVERLAY
EXAMPLE: HANDOVER TO SUPER REUSE CELL (1/6)

OVERLAY
REGULAR FREQUENCY f8
f4
f1
’
UNDERLAY UNDERLAY
SUPER REUSE
SUPER
FREQUENCY
REUSE FREQUENCY
f1 f1

INTERFERENCE

• one TRX used as a super reuse frequency ( f1 )

• f1’ is also a super reuse frequency in the adjacent cell
• one TRX used as a regular frequency ( f4)
• f8 is a regular frequency and is in the adjacent cell to f4
• SuperReuseGoodCI threshold is 15 dBm
8 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /
 INTELLIGENT UNDERLAY OVERLAY
EXAMPLE: HANDOVER TO SUPER REUSE CELL (2/6)
• downlink RXlev measurements:
• f1= -105dBm
• f4= -105 dBm
• f1’= -90 dbm
OVERLAY f8
REGULAR FREQUENCY • f8= -90 dBm
f4
f1’

UNDERLAY
SUPER REUSE FREQUENCY
f1

• a call on progress
• serving cell frequency is f8
• a mobile moving further
from f8
9 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /
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EXAMPLE: HANDOVER TO SUPER REUSE CELL (3/6)

• downlink RXlev measurements:

• f1= -89dBm
• f4= -89dBm
• f1’= -95 dbm
OVERLAY
REGULAR FREQUENCY • f8= -95 dBm
f4 f8

f1’
UNDERLAY
SUPER REUSE FREQUENCY
f1

10 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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EXAMPLE: HANDOVER TO SUPER REUSE CELL (4/6)
• downlink RXlev measurements:
• f1= -89dBm
• f4= -89dBm
• f1’= -95 dbm
OVERLAY
REGULAR FREQUENCY • f8= -95 dBm f8
f4

f1’
UNDERLAY
SUPER REUSE FREQUENCY
f1

• handover is executed to f4
• Note: f1 can not be chosen, call is always handed over to
regular frequency first

11 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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EXAMPLE: HANDOVER TO SUPER REUSE CELL (5/6)
• downlink RXlev measurements:
• f1= -80dBm
• f4= -80dBm
• f1’= -96 dbm
OVERLAY
REGULAR FREQUENCY • f8= -96 dBm
f8
f4

f1’
UNDERLAY
SUPER REUSE FREQUENCY
f1

• while getting getting closer to the BTS

• ...f1 is chosen as a handover candidate, because C/I ratio 16 dB
(SuperReuseGoodCiThreshold = 15 dB)
• (C/I for f1 is calculated by using f8 as a reference for f’1)
12 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /
 INTELLIGENT UNDERLAY OVERLAY
EXAMPLE: HANDOVER TO SUPER REUSE CELL (6/6)
• downlink RXlev measurements:
• f1= -80dBm
• f4= -80dBm
OVERLAY
REGULAR FREQUENCY • f1’= -96 dbm
f8
f4 • f8= -96 dBm
f1’
UNDERLAY
SUPER REUSE FREQUENCY
f1

• call is handed over to f1 (HANDOVER FROM REGULAR TO

SUPER)

13 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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Coverage/Capacity concept (1/2)

OVERLAY
REGULAR FREQUENCY f8
f4

f1’
UNDERLAY
SUPER REUSE FREQUENCY
f1

• RESULT:
regular frequencies provide coverage on the edge of the cell

14 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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Coverage/Capacity concept (2/2)

OVERLAY
REGULAR FREQUENCY f8
f4

f1’
UNDERLAY
SUPER REUSE FREQUENCY
f1

• RESULT:
regular frequencies provide coverage on the edge of the cell
super reuse gives capacity (provided that IUO is deployed
properly)

15 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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TCH Assignment to Super-TRX in IUO

TCH request is
If no radio
rejected due to
enaTchAssSuper (0...32) SACCH recourcies in the
the lack of
period Regular TRX
recources
=> Queue

Queue (SDCCH)

W hen the
C/I ratio is From queue
good enough to Regular
TRX

Super-reuse TRX R e g u l a r T R X

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C/I evaluation
• In regular TRX the C/I ratio is evaluated to all super-reuse groups of own cell
and to all groups of neighbour child cells
• In super-reuse TRX the C/I ratio is evaluated only to own super-reuse
frequency group
• Directly measured interference level is used when the interfering cell is a
regular cell which is adjacent to the serving cell and has the same set of
super-reuse frequencies as the serving cell. Also the location of the
interfering cell is close enough to cause interference. In this situation, the
downlink RXLEV of the interfering cell corresponds directly to the
interference level on the super-reuse TRX caused by the interfering cell.

f3
CIEstType=0
f1 rx_level(f3)

f2 f2
interference

IUO HO f1 <-> f2

17 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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C/I Based Target Cell Evaluation
Estimated interference level: case with child cell
CIEstType=1
In red Super-reuse Frequencies

Ref. Cell, f4 ( reference cell for interferer measurements)

Co-Channel, f1

.
. Serving Cell: f8 / f1
.
MS

Handover to child cell?

Neighbour, f1
(CHILD CELL)

18 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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Improvements 1/2
1. Inter Super-reused Layer Handover
In order to minimise the number of imperative
handovers without degrade of service quality, a
handover between the super reused layers (an intra-
cell handover) is performed when the regular TRX is
congested
Other super reuse TRX has to fulfill the C/I
requirement
SDCCH
Two options:
REG TRX
1) Handover between the
super reused layers if
SUPER 1
Regular TRX is congested

SUPER 2 2) Handover between the

super reused layers if C/I
of the target super is good

19 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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Improvements 2/2

2. Additional Reference Cells (S7)

Number of reference cells is increased to 10.

3. Direct Access to Super-reused TRX in IUO (C/I evaluation by-

passed!!)

Gives extra capacity and in case the mobile is near to the BTS
unnecessary TCH reservation from the regular TRX will be avoided.
regular
super
BSC

20 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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Handovers from Super TRXes
(5)

 intracell Super => Regular (1) (6)

Child
Child Child
Child
 intracell (Regular or Child) "intra-group" Super => Super (2)
(2) (3) (1) (4)
 intracell (Regular or Child) "inter-group" Super => Super
(3) Group Group
1 2
 inter-cell Parent => Child Super =>Super (4) Parent
Parent
 inter-cell Child => Child Super =>Super (5)
 inter-cell Child => Parent Super=> Regular (6)

Case (2) and (3) (4) are allowed if enabled by means of the HO parameters:
 enableIntracellHandoverInterferenceUL (EIC) (2)
 EnableInterFRTIuoHo (EIC) (3) (4)

21 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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with Frequency Hopping : IFH

• Improved radio spectrum efficiency

• Adds the benefits of interference averaging by frequency
hopping to the capacity gains of IUO to further boost
performance
• Frequency hopping combined with IUO means capacity
increase by controlled C/I and decreased reuse pattern
• Applicable for both Radio Frequency and Base Band
Hopping
RF Hopping BB Hopping
f1
Regular layer TRX-1 BCCH TRX-1 BCCH f1
TRX-2 TCH f2 TRX-2 TCH f2
f3

Super-reused TRX-3 TCH f4 TRX-3 TCH

f4
layer f5 TRX-4 TCH
TRX-4 TCH f5
f6

22 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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Parameters 1/4
Parameter Value

1) Enable Inter FRT Handover

EnableInterFrtIuoHo REG / SUP / DIS

2) Averaging
AllInterferingCellsAveraged Yes / No
intfCellAvgWindowSize 1 ... 32
SACCH
intfCellNbrOfZeroResults 0 ... 31

3) Averaging Methods
EnaTchAssSuperIUO 0 ... 32 SACCH
SuperReuseEstMethod AVE / MAX / ICE / NONE

23 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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Parameters 2/4
Parameter Value

4) Intervals
MinIntIuoHoReqBQ 0 ... 255
MinIntUnsuccIuoHo 0 ... 255
MinBsicDecodeTime 0 ... 128

5) Thresholds
SuperReuseGoodCIThreshold -127 ... 127
Px 0 ... 32
Nx 0 ... 32
SuperReuseBadCIThreslhold -127 ... 127
Px 0 ... 32
Nx 0 ... 32

24 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /

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Parameters 3/4
Parameter Value
5) Thresholds (ICE)
SuperReuseGoodRxLevThreshold -47 ... -110
px 1 ... 32
nx 1 ... 32

superReuseBadRxLevThreslhold -47 ... -110

px 1 ... 32
nx 1 ... 32
6) Intelligent Frequency Hopping
underlayHoppingMode BB RF
N
underlayMAIOoffset 0 … 62
underlayMaioStep 1 … 62
underlayMA 0 … 128
UnderlayHSN 0, 1 … 63
25 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /
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Parameters 4/4

Parameter Value

7) TRX –level Parameters

C/I estimation type (T1 - T10) 0 (meas)/1 (estim)
C/I estimation weight (W1 - W10) 0 ... 10
Level adjustment (L1 - L10) -63 ... 63 dB
DirectAccessLevel -47 … -109 / NdBm
trxFrequencyType 0 ... 16

26 © NOKIA 1999 iuo.ppt/ July 2000 /