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Formation of Crude Oil
Formation of Crude Oil
Formation of Crude Oil
(decarboxlyation)
1.0
3.0
90oC
petroleum 4.0
liquids
120oC
5.0
asphalt,
bitumen 200oC
Conversion of Kerogen
Organic matter: 1%
• Kerogen 90%
• Bitumen 10%
WHAT KEROGEN IS
Defined by solubility:
Organic Matter insoluble in organic solvents because
of the large molecular weight up to several thousand
Daltons (Da, atomic mass unit)
Defined by petroleum:
• Organic Matter capable of producing petroleum
• End result of diagenesis stage during the process of petroleum
formation is conversion of organic matter to kerogen
• High proportion of H:C ratio (1.6- 1.8) and low O:C ratio (0.06)
• Usually with the exception of a few algae (e.g. Botryococcus sp.) most
of the organic matter is unrecognizable. The prolific oil shales of
Colorado, Utah, Wyoming (Green River shales) seem to result from a
combination of both algae and microbial lipids.
• Low H:C ratio (< 1.0) & high O:C ratio (0.15)