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Chapter 19 Oxidative Phosphorylation Posted
Chapter 19 Oxidative Phosphorylation Posted
Photophosphorylation
1
Oxidative Phosphorylation
• All oxidative steps converge at this final
stage of cellular respiration in which the
energy of respiration drives the _______
• Photophosphorylation:
Photosynthetic organism capture energy of
______________
2
Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Oxidative phosphorylation:
- Occurs in ____________
- Reduction of O2 to ______ with
electrons donated by _____ & _____
- Ultimate electron acceptor________?
• Photophosphorylation:
- Occurs in ____________
- Oxidation of H2O to ____ with _____ as
ultimate electron acceptor.
- Absolutely dependent on _______.
Mitochondria
into matrix:
out of matrix:
4
Electron Acceptors
• Electrons from catabolic reactions are collected by
universal electron acceptors:
– NAD+, NADP+
– FAD, FMN
5
Electron carriers
2. cytochromes:
6
Electron carriers:
7
Electron carriers: Cytochromes
Fig 19.3 Covalent bonds
to protein
cyt a
cyt b cyt c
– Simple structure:
– Complex :
10
Complex I
NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase/ or NADH dehydrogenase
Catalyzes two reactions:
B. Endergonic transfer of
- 4 H+ from matrix to the
_____________________(IMS).
by proton pump driven by energy
of ____________ transfer.
11
Complex I
12
Complex II
- membrane bound enzyme of TCA cycle
________________________________.
Fig 16.7
Fig
19.8
13
Complex II
The path of electron transfer from succinate binding site
to_________________, then through the Fe-S center to the
______________.
14
Complex III cytochrome bc1 complex
QH2 is oxidized to Q
____ molecules of Cyto c
are reduced.
16
Cytochrome C
Cytochrome c
(____________ protein)
17
Complex IV
Cytochrome oxidase
- carries electrons from cyt C to
_______________, reducing it
to ________.
2 _____________________
as in 2Fe-2S center.
18
Complex IV Cytochrome oxidase
19
Complex IV :
20
Energy of electron transfer is conserved :
21
Protons pumped/
electron pair:
__ by complex-I
__ by complex-III
__ by complex-IV
22
Energy has two components:
1. Proton concentration
2. Separation of charges
23
ATP synthesis
• How is proton flux coupled with phosphorylation?
24
ATP synthase
F0 complex (bottom orange)
25
ATP synthase
- 3 β subunit differ in their
________________.
26
Rotational catalysis
- 3 active sites of ___ take turn
in catalyzing ATP synthesis-
rotational catalysis.
27
Proton Gradient Drives Membrane Transporters
Inner membrane is
_________________:
Specific transporters
needed to bring ADP & Pi
into matrix and take out
ATP to _______.
1. Adenine nucleotide
translocase
ATP out (–4), ADP in (–3)
net ____ out (favored)
matrix has net __________charge.
28
Proton Gradient Drives Membrane Transporters
2. ATP synthase
H+ in net +1 in (favored)
3. Phosphate
translocase
- No net change
29
Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Most of ATP in aerobic cells.
• Glucose: complete oxidation= _____ ATP
30
Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Glucose-glycolysis-anaerobic-___ ATP
31
Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation
32
Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation
Except in ____________
33
Mammal ________________ have adipose tissue
(______________): serves to produce _________:
34
35
Heat for Pollination
36
Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation
• ATP production:
coordinately regulated
• ___/___concentration
controls:
37
Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation
38
Mitochondrial gene mutation:
Human disease
• Why inherited from mother?
– Myoclonic epilepsy
• Apoptosis?
• Triggered by__________________.
40
• Permeability of outer
mitochondrial membrane ________
Cytochrome c ______________:
- where it activates ________.
Mitochondria: Oxidative Stress
42
Mitochondria: Oxidative Stress
•
Q— can pass electrons to O2 to produce ________________
(O2—), which could ____________________________.
1
Selenium?
43
Transport of NADH
44
The most active _____________in
mitochondria of heart, liver, kidney is the
_______________________.
45
Malate-aspartate shuttle
46
Glycerol 3-Phosphate Shuttle
47
Photophosphorylation
Photosynthesis: Harvesting light energy
Light driven _______________
Photosynthesis:
49
Photosynthesis
H2O is poor
Electrons flows:
Protons are
Fig 19.37 50
Chloroplasts
51
52
53
Primary Gather’s of Light
54
Lutein (xanthophyll)
• Accessory pigments
- Carotene
– Lutein
55
• Pigments absorb complementary wavelengths
- Plant pigments
- Bacterial pigments
• Photosystems
• Light harvesting
57
Photochemical Reaction Center
58
Photosystems
Photosynthetic bacteria:
- have one photosystem.
- lack ability to use light energy to __________
59
Fig 19-54.
• Bacterial Reaction Center
• Cytochrome bc complex
1
60
Fig 19-54. • Bacterial Reaction Center
QH2
moves 1. Cytochrome bc1
complex (like type II)
61
Modern Photosynthates
• PS I - like type I
• PS II - like type II
63
Cyclic Electron Flow
64
65
Localization of PSI and PSII
Stroma
Lumen
66
Localization of PSI and PSII
67
• ATP & NADPH produced in the light reactions are
used in the _____________________reactions.
– Need__________________
68
Proton Movement & Orientation of ATP Synthase
69
Hydrogen donors other than H2O
Some use:
inorganic compounds
Organic compounds:
70