Absolute Convergence

A series σ 𝑎𝑛 said to be convergent if only σ |𝑎𝑛 | is convergent.

෍ |𝑎𝑛 | 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 = ෍ 𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡

Example
Check the Absolute Convergence of the series below

Is an Absolute Convergence
Conditional Convergence
If σ 𝑎𝑛 Convergent but σ |𝑎𝑛 |divergent then σ 𝑎𝑛 is conditional convergence.

෍ |𝑎𝑛 | 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 ≠ ෍ 𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡

Example
Check the Conditional Convergence of the series below

Is a convergent according to question no. 2 swinging series.

But is divergent.

So The series is Conditional Convergent

The Power Series
The general form of the power series is :

𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + ⋯ = ෍ 𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑛
𝑛=0
Where 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 are Constants
The Power Series is convergent for |x| < R and divergent for |x| > R called the radius of the series
Convergence.
For |x| = R is probably convergent or divergent
The interval of |x| < R, |x| < R, |x| ≤ R, |x| ≥ R, called The interval of the convergence.
 Elucidation in Power Series
If the derivatives of f(x) :
𝑓 ⅈ 𝑥 , 𝑓 ⅈⅈ 𝑥 , 𝑓 ⅈⅈⅈ 𝑥 , … 𝑓 𝑛 𝑥

Is real and n is continuous in closed interval of a ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏 and f(n+1)(x)

In the interval of a < x < b, then
𝑓 ⅈⅈ 𝑎 𝑓 𝑛 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑎 + 𝑓ⅈ 𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎 + (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + ⋯ 𝑥−𝑎 𝑛 + 𝑅𝑛
2! 𝑛!
Where the rest of the part 𝑅𝑛 can be form
𝑓𝑛+1 (𝛿)
1. 𝑅𝑛 = (𝑥 − 𝑎)𝑛+1 (lagrange form)
𝑛+1 !
𝑓𝑛+1 𝛿
2. 𝑅𝑛 = 𝑛 − 𝛿 𝑛 (𝑥 − 𝑎) (Canchy form)
𝑛!