Environment

In general, environment refers to the surroundings of an

object.
Environment may refer to:
 Built environment - constructed surroundings that provide the
setting for human activity

 Environment (biophysical) - the physical and biological

factors along with their
chemical interactions that affect
an organism

 Natural environment - all living and non-living things that

occur naturally on Earth

 Social environment - the culture that an individual lives in, and

the people and institutions with whom
they interact
 Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into
an environment that causes instability, disorder,
harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical
systems or living organisms.

Pollution can take the form of chemical

substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or
light. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be
foreign substances or energies, or naturally
occurring; when naturally occurring, they are
considered contaminants when they exceed
natural levels.
Environmental pollution
 Environmental pollution - Environmental
pollution is “the contamination of the physical and
biological components of the earth/atmosphere
system to such an extent that normal
environmental processes are adversely affected” .
Types Of Pollution
There are 5 (five) types of pollution :-

 Air Pollution
 Water Pollution
 Land Pollution
 Noise Pollution
 Radioactive Pollution
 Thermal Pollution
Air pollution
Air pollution is indication of disturbances to the composition of
compounds in the atmosphere, as it may be summarized as shown:-

 Excess emission of gases/vapors into atmosphere

 Saturation of chemical compounds/particulates
 Rate of dissipation
 Emergence of new chemical reactions

Global warming, acid rain, smog, ozone

depletion are some effects of air pollution.
 Sources

We can classify major sources that lead to air

pollution to the following categories:-
 Motor vehicle exhaust  Solvent evaporation
 Heat and power  Volcanic eruption
generation facilities  Fuel production
 Industrial processes  Roadway construction
 Auto manufacturing  Electrical components
 Fertilizers plants manufacturing
 Building demolition  Extraction of metals
 Solid waste disposal  Forest fires
Water pollution

 Water pollution is contamination of water by foreign

matter that deteriorates the quality of the water.

 Water pollution covers pollutions in liquid forms like

ocean pollution and river pollution. As the term applies,
liquid pollution occurs in the oceans, lakes, streams,
rivers, underground water and bays, in short liquid-
containing areas.
 Sources

We can classify major sources that lead to water

pollution to the following categories:-

 Petroleum products
 Synthetic agricultural chemicals
 Heavy metals
 Hazardous wastes
 Excess organic matter
 Sediment
 Infectious organisms
Land Pollution
Revered to as soil pollution, land pollution involves the
following mechanism:-

 Deposition of solid waste

 Accumulation of non-biodegradable materials
 Toxification of chemicals into poisons
 Alteration of soil chemical composition (imbalance of
chemical equilibrium to soil medium)
 Sources

We can classify major sources that lead to land

pollution to the following categories:-

 Agriculture
 Mining and quarrying
 Sewage sludge
 Dredged spoils
 Household 
 Demolitions and constructions
 Industrial
Noise Pollution
 This particular pollution is ever increasing with due
to the rise in the utilization of heavy duty
machineries of industrial facilities and vehicles,
synonymous to the increase in the standard of living
in most countries.

 We make sounds practically every seconds of our

day, but to the extend it has reached an unfavorable
high intensity which had cause many disturbances
and irritation to others emotionally that has adverse
effects on our daily activities.
 Sources

We can classify major sources that lead to land

pollution to the following categories:-

 Road traffic noise

 Air traffic
 Rail traffic
 Neighborhood and domestic noise
 Incompatible land use
 Industrial noises
Radioactive Pollution
 Nuclear energy is a form of energy that’s released by the
splitting of atoms. Since scientists have found a way to
make use of the energy, it has also been used to generate
electricity.

There are commonly three types of radiation, namely:-

 Alpha particles, can be blocked by a piece of paper and
human skin.
 Beta particles can penetrate through skin, while can be
blocked by some pieces of glass and metal.
 Gamma rays can penetrate easily to human skin and
damage cells on its way through, reaching far, and can
only be blocked by a very thick, strong, massive piece
of concrete.
 Sources

We can classify major sources that lead to

Radioactive pollution to the following categories: -

 Nuclear power plants

 Nuclear weapon
 Transportation
 Disposal of nuclear waste
 Uranium mining
Thermal Pollution
This has become an increasing and the most current pollution,
owing to the increasing call of globalization everywhere. Heat
produced from industries is a major contribution to the
pollution, much to the operation of the heavy industries which
produces high amount of heat energy. As we will show a
summary to the event of this pollution happening:

 Raw materials for productivity (organic and inorganic

products)
 Undergo different chemical reactions with several process
 Excess heat energy is produced as a waste product
 Heat is released through into atmosphere (vapor) and riverine
system (liquid).
 Increase of temperature of environmental system
 Sources

We can classify major sources that lead to

Thermal pollution to the following categories:-

 Power plants creating electricity from fossil fuel

 Water as a cooling agent in industrial facilities
 Deforestation of the shoreline
 Soil erosion