Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sustainable + TSM + TDM
Sustainable + TSM + TDM
Transport Supply
Management (TSM) &
Transport Demand
Management (TDM)
Problems of Motorization in Indonesia
1. Traffic Congestion
2. Traffic Accident
3. A deteriorating urban environment
4. Conflict between motorized and non-motorized
transport
5. Failure of public transport to supply the poor in
a non-subsidized commercial market
6. Suburbanization and urban sprawl
7. Energy conservation and reduction of CO2
emission
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION
• improve environmental
quality
Urban
• promote social harmony
Sustainable
• increase level of safety Transportation
• realize the virtuous cycle of
Environment Resources
society, economy, mobility Protection Utilization
and environment. Objective Objective
PARADIGM SHIFT IN URBAN
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
Conventional urban transport planners
intended to accommodate increasing
transport demands with new constructions
and major improvements of transport
facilities, and also with efficient use of
existing infrastructure through various
traffic engineering measures (i.e. Traffic
Management)
PARADIGM SHIFT IN URBAN
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
This demand-following type approach was
found to be effective for some time, but as
motorization and further urbanization
proceeded this approach has become
ineffective and difficult to pursue both
financially and politically.
The Vicious Circle of
Congestion
Congestion Public
The number pressures to
of increase
movements capacity
increases
New
The average capacity
length of Movements
movements are more
increases Urban sprawl
easy
is favored
PARADIGM SHIFT IN URBAN
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
Professor P. Goodwin referred to the
underlying changes of transport policy as
a
“PREDICT and PROVIDE” approach
to a
“PREDICT and PREVENT” approach.
URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY OPTIONS
ACTIVITY TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM SYSTEM
(Demand Side) (Supply Side)
INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK
(Society)
Transportation Supply
Management
TSM vs TDM
• Transportation Supply Management (TSM):
– TSM measures to enhance capacity and throughput,
and traffic flow and operations
– TSM measures to restrain traffic flow and throughput
• Transportation Demand Management (TDM):
– include a variety of measures to reduce individual
transport and change transport demand types.
Transport Supply Management
• Transportation supply management
strategies maintain or improve safety for
all users, defer the need for major
infrastructure investments, provide the
best possible level of service, and
minimize the impacts of transportation
activities on community livability.
Transport Supply Management
• Wide range of Transport Supply
Management strategies also include:
make the best use of its facilities, networks
and services, both to maximize their
people-moving capacity and to reduce the
costs of their operation
Down’s Law (1962)
or Down’s Triple Convergence (1992)
New highway construction along a traffic
corridor reduces travel impedance, but it
also induces traffic from other corridors
and other mode, often resulting in return to
previous congestion levels.
Moreover, latent demand created by the
previous shortage of road capacity also
surfaces and swamps the new highway
capacity.
CONGESTION REDUCING MEASURES
Kebijakan Perparkiran
• Pembatasan tempat parkir di badan jalan
• Fasilitas parkir di luar daerah (park and ride)
• Pengaturan biaya parkir
• Denda pelanggaran parkir
Rekayasa & Manajemen Lalulintas
Reduced
Automobile Non-Automobile
Generous
Parking Supply Dependency Travel Options
Social Stigma
Automobile-Oriented Associated With
Land Use Planning Alternative Modes
Suburbanization and
Degraded Urban
Neighborhoods
Factors Contributing to the
Growth of Driving
13%
17%
Increase in population
Increase in trips
17%
Decrease in vehicle
occupancy
35%
Switch to driving
18%
CONGESTION REDUCING MEASURES
Private car on
Maximum capacity
conventional road
Average speed
Light rapid transport
system
Urban railway
Capacity (pers/hr)
Modal Split for Global Cities,
1995
100
90
80
70 Private Motor Vehicle
60 Transit
50 Walking / Cycling
40
30
20
10
0
Chinese American Australian West High Income Low Income
Cities Cities Cities European Asian Cities Asian Cities
Cities
Major Targets of TDM Measures
Reduction of total movement and travel
through moderation of activities which
generate travel;
Reduction of vehicle traffic through modal
change and efficient use of motor
vehicles;
De-concentration of traffic over time
and space;
ACTIVITY SYSTEM
(Demand Side)
Land Use / Urban Planning
~ Growth management;
~ Compact city;
~ Intensive development with mixed uses;
~ Transit-Oriented-Development.
ACTIVITY SYSTEM
(Demand Side)
Regional / National Development Policy
~ Development of secondary cities
Industrial / Labor Policy
~ Work/Business style;
~ Production/Distribution process.
Social Policy
~ Life style;
~ Leisure.
Dealing with Traffic Congestion