AIRCRAFT AIR

CONDITIONING &
PRESSURISATION
AJD 20803
 Aircraft Oxygen.
 Oxygen characteristic.
 Sources of supplemental oxygen.
 Gaseous.
 Liquid.
 Chemical or solid.
 Mechanically separated.

WEEK 2
 Altitude (MSL) Oxygen Pressure (PSI) O2 in the Blood
0 3.08 Saturated

8,000 2.57 Up to 7,000 feet: saturated.

10,000 2.12 Saturation 90% of normal. Long duration lead to

head ache, fatigue.
15,000 1.74 Saturation at 81% of normal. Lead to sleepiness,
headache, blue lips & finger nail, increased pulse
and respiration.
20,000 1.42 68% saturation.

25,000 1.15 50% saturation. Within 5 minutes can cause

unconsciousness.
30,000 0.92

35,000 0.76

40,000 0.57

OXYGEN PRESSURE IN ATMOSPHERE AT VARIOUS ALTITUDE

 The problem: Higher altitude less oxygen pressure. Oxygen
saturation in blood cannot be ascertained.
 Solutions: Maintain saturation?
 Maintain pressure.
 Increase oxygen quantity.

ISSUES.
OXIMETER – PULSE TYPE.
TO HELP DETERMINE WHETHER ADJUSTMENT ON
OXYGEN FLOW RATES TO PREVENT HYPOXIA.
 Increase the level of oxygen to above 21%
 Up to 40,000 feet.
 Use supplemental oxygen.
 Common in small and medium size airplane designed without
cabin pressurisation.
 On pressurised aircraft, oxygen system act as redundancy.
 Portable oxygen equipment for first aid purposes.

AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM

 Gas at normal atmospheric temperature and pressure:
 Colourless.
 Odourless.
 Tasteless.
 Transforms into liquid at -1830c.
 Oxygen combined readily with other elements/ compound
through oxidation to produce heat.
 It combined violently with petroleum product (oil, grease, fuel).

OXYGEN CHARACTERISTIC.
GASEOUS OXYGEN.
 Pure or near pure oxygen gaseous, stored and transported in
high pressure cylinders.
 Typically painted green,
 Tested for presence of water to prevent freezing. Max 0.02ml per
litre of oxygen.
 Word “Aviator Breathing Oxygen” should be marked clearly on
the cylinder.
 Caution: Keep pure oxygen away of fuel, oil and grease.

AVIATOR BREATHING OXYGEN

AVIATOR BREATHING OXYGEN BOTTLE
 Liquefying process:
 Source – Air.
 Control pressure and temperature.
 Nitrogen boiled off.
 Electrolysis process:
 Source - Water.
 Passing electric current.
 Separate oxygen from hydrogen.
 Oxygen sieves or concentrator:
 Source – Air.
 Membrane filter or molecular sieve.
 Membrane filter out nitrogen and other gaseous leaving almost pure oxygen.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OXYGEN GAS

 LOX or liquid oxygen.  Advantageous:
 Pale blue transparent liquid.  A small quantity of LOX convertible into
enormous amount of gaseous oxygen.
 By lowering temperature to -1830c.
 Less storage space
 Or by placing gas oxygen under
pressure.  Disadvantageous.
 Dewar Bottle use both techniques.  Difficulty in handling.
 Dewar Bottle.  Expensive.
 To store and transport liquid oxygen .  Usage: Military aviation.
 Double walled insulation design to keep
the liquid oxygen under pressure at a
very low temperature,
 A controlled amount of oxygen is
allowed to vaporise and is plumbed into
a gaseous oxygen delivery system.

LIQUID OXYGEN
DEWAR BOTTLE
  Sodium chloride ignite and
produce oxygen while burning.
 This can be filtered, delivered
through hose to a mask to be
worn and breathed directly by
users.
 Sometimes called solid oxygen
candles.
 Ignition by firing pin or electric
ignition.
 Once fired cannot be stopped.
Until burned out. (10-20 minutes)
 Primarily used for backup oxygen
devices on pressurised aircraft.
CHEMICAL & SOLID OXYGEN
 Advantageous:
 1/3 the weight of gaseous oxygen
system.
 Long shelf life.
 Inert below 4000F.
 Little maintenance & inspection
required until expired.
 Disadvantageous:
 all or nothing source.
 Must be replaced if used.
 Increase cost of usage.
 Transportation with extreme
caution.
SOLID OXYGEN CANDLE
  Molecular sieve method in separating oxygen from the air in
flight and on the ground.
 Sieves are relatively light in weight.
 Relieve the need for ground support for oxygen supply.
 Source: bleed air from the engine.
 Oxygen used to purge the sieves of nitrogen.
 Future application for civilian aircraft.

ON BOARD OXYGEN GENERATING SYSTEM

OBOGS:
ON BOARD OXYGEN GENERATING
SYSTEM