ROLE

ROLE OF
OF WATER
WATER IN
IN
PLASTIC
PLASTIC BODY
BODY
PERANAN
PERANAN AIR
AIR DALAM
DALAM
JASAD
JASAD PLASTIK
PLASTIK
At lower moisture content than slip for
casting ( 20% based on wet weight
basis)

The suitable range for plastic

forming, including extrusion,
jolleying and jiggering (and
throwing)
Body is said to be plastic, easily formed
and shaped
Based on 2 requirements :-
1. Easily changed shape without
fracturing when stress is being
applied
2. Retained shape even under high yield
stress and gravity
The required characteristics for
plastic bodies is shown :
Tembikar Tanah
C
(earthenware)

Strain Bone China

B

Stress

Yield stress
A – Stage with small change in shape
- stiff condition, easily crack

B – yield stress reached

- the body easily changed shape,
forming stage

C – Fracture stage
- Strain too high
Deformation range (B) is required
and suitable for forming method :

Jiggering > throwing > roller

head > extrusion
How can the deformation range
B be achieved?
Bagaimana julat percanggaan
dicapai?

1. Control of moisture content

2. Raw material In particular clay used
(Lihat graf Terikan lwn Tegasan
bagi Earthenware (Temb. Tanah)
dan Bone China)
• Amount and type of clays determine
the B-range

• Clay with fine size particles are more

plastic and more ability to absorb water
When replotted as strain rate against
stress strain/tegasan ricih (with
increasing moisture content)
3

Increasing moisture
Strain content
rate
2

Stress strain Yield stress

Tegasan Ricih
• Such rheological behaviour is due to the presence
of clay with ability to absorb water/moisture

• Hence The influence of water in plastic forming

are :
(1) Attaching the particles (clay, flux and fillers)

(2) Easing the slip of clay particles

Stage 1 – Yield stress stage
: stage whereby flow willbe slightly easy
(peringkat aliran jadi mudah sedikit)
- state of elasticity
(keadaan peringkat kenyal)

Stage 2 - viscous flow state (Peringkat aliran likat )

deformation stage or range
(peringkat atau julat ubahbentuk mudah.)

Suitable range for plastic forming

 Stage 3 - Fracture stage
strain rate increase drastically
(kadar ricih meningkat mendadak.)

Other factors influencing B-range

Pugging (Pengadunan)

• Blending/Mixing with vacuum

(Pengadukan secara hampagas)
- dsitribution of moisture will be uniform and the air/gases
entrapped will be released

• Higher packing compaction

(Pemadatan yang tinggi.)
Most importantly:-
Suitable clay materials and good
distribution of moisture.

will ensure optimum Workability

(kebolehkerjaan)
Larger B range