Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dental Waxes
Dental Waxes
PSPDG FK UNUD
sarikusumadewi@unud.ac.id
Anusavice, Kenneth, J., Buku Ajar Ilmu Bahan Kedokteran
Gigi, edisi 10, Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, bab 21, hal.
388-395
B. SYNTHETIC WAXES
C. ADDITIVES
Mineral waxes
Paraffin and microcrystalline waxes.
Paraffin (melts 40-70°C) tends to be brittle.
Microcrystalline (60 - 90°C) is more flexible
and tougher. Addition of Beeswax (from insect)
will reduce brittleness
Plant waxes
Carnauba and ouricury Melting range: 84 -
91°C. Ouricury melts between 79-84°C. Both
raise melting range and hardness of paraffin.
Candellila Melting range: 68 to 75°C,
mainly hardens paraffin wax.
Japan wax and cocoa butter Japan wax is
tough, malleable and sticky and melts at
51°C. Cocoa butter is brittle. Japan wax
improves emulsifying ability of paraffin.
Insect wax
Beeswax (63 - 73°C) Brittle at room
temperature, plastic at body temperature.
Animal wax
Spermaceti is obtained from the sperm
whale. It is not widely used!
Ozokerite found in western US and central
Europe. It improves the physical
characteristics of paraffin.
Ceresin obtained from petroleum and
lignite refining. They are harder and are used
to raise melting range of paraffin.
Barnsdahl raises melting range and
hardness, reduces flow of paraffin.
Montan hard and brittle. It can be substituted
for plant waxes.
Gums They are viscous, amorphous exudates
from plants that harden when exposed to air.
They are complex substances mainly made of
carbohydrates. They either dissolve in water or
form sticky, viscous liquids
Fats They are tasteless, odorless and colorless
substances. They are similar to wax but have
lower melting temperatures and are softer.
Chemically they are composed of glycerides.
They can be used to increase melting range and
hardness of waxes.
Oils They lower the melting point of
paraffin. Hydrocarbon oils soften waxes.
Silicone oils improve ease of polishing of
waxes.
Resins are exudates of certain trees and
plants. They are complex, amorphous
mixtures of organic substances. They are
insoluble in water. They improve toughness.
They are also used to make varnishes (by
dissolving in an organic solvent).
A. ACCORDING TO ORIGIN (=components)
Mineral, Plant, Insect, Animal
Supplied as:
Blue, green or purple sticks
Classification
(ADA SP. NO. 122/ ISO 15854:2005)
Type I soft
Type II hard (medium)
Type III extra hard (the hardest)
Supplied as
Sheets of pink or red color
2. PROCESSING
WAXES
build up vertical walls around the impression
in boxing process
Boxing wax supplied as sheets, beading wax
as strips
Advantages:
1. Preserves the extensions and
landmarks.
2. Controls the thickness of the borders.
3. Controls the form and thickness of the
base of the cast.
4. Conserves the artificial stone.
Consists of beeswax, petrolatum, and other
soft waxes in varying proportions.
Available in the form of sticks and sheets.
To adjust contour of perforated tray for use
with hydrocolloids (e.g., to raise flange
height, to extend the tray posteriorly, to raise
palatal portion of the tray in cases of deep
palate, etc.). It is pliable and can be easily
molded and stick to the tray.
It consists mainly of yellow beeswax, rosin, and
natural resins such as gum dammar.