Name : Mohammad Iskandar Bin Zulkafli

Matric No : 151110674

Program : Mechanical Engineering

Supervisor : Madam Hafizawati Bt Zakaria

 Introduction

• In additive manufacturing there are 3 dimensional printing, fused deposition

modelling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF) [1].

• In FDM, there is a 3 dimensional object are built by depositing filaments of

hot polymers which fuse together when they solidify[1].

• The quality of the final product is depend on how to select the parameters that
had been achieved by experimentation [1].

• However there is a solution of this problem which is use the Taguchi’s

method [2].
 Introduction
• The Taguchi’s method was used to design 9 number of
experiments utilizing the orthogonal arrays [2].

• The results are converted to signal to noise (S/N) ratio and

analysed by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) [2]

• Polyactic acid is used as a filament [3]

• This is because it is more printable material and has mechanical

properties. [3]
 Problem Statement

• Fused filament fabrication tend to exhibit fracture and delamination failures long
before yielding can occur.

• There is a limited optimum process conditions to ensure the quality of printed

part and material process.
 Objective

• To evaluate the mechanical properties of biobased polymer (PLA) materials

for FFF printed parts.

• To investigate the significant processing parameters.

• To determine the optimum printing parameters.

 Scope

• Material which will be using is polyactic acid (PLA)

• Testing and analysis which is tensile test, 3 point bending test and scanning
electron microscope.

• The variable that will be used for printer parameter is printer orientation, layer
thickness and print head. Other printing parameters are kept constant
 Literature review
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is the 3 dimensional printing which is a
technology where the melt extrusion method is used to deposit filaments of
thermal plastic according to a specific pattern [7].

Tanikella (2017) had doing the research about the printing parameter like
height of the layer, speed and customs controls of extruder to produce the
acceptable print quality and uniformity [4].
 Literature review

• Taguchi’s design of experiment method is the method to explain the effect

parameters on dimensional accuracy and tolerance of the printed test component
[5].

• This method was preferred as it is frequently used in optimization process to

investigate the effect of control factors on the process characteristic and get the
optimum results with the least number of experiments [5]
 Literature Review
• S. Najatul and A. Majid do the observation of the tested samples which
capture by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

• Result shows the larger contact surface area and subsequently narrowing
the presence of the porous area which shown below.

Porosity area

Image of the cross sectional view of

sample printed by using normal FFF for
fill density of 100% [6]
 Methodology
Start

Literature Review

Determine 9 set of level with different

parameter which is printing temperature,
printing angle and printing speed.

Taguchi’s method by using the 9 set of level.

End
3 dimensional printing by referring the
different 9 set of level.

Data
Tensile test and 3 – point bending test analysis

Observation of the macro/micro porous

architecture by using SEM.
 Methodology

Examples of Taguchi’s Method

 Methodology

Printing
A
temperature

Parameter B Printing angle

C Printing speed

Parameter that been set to be using in Taguchi’s method

 Methodology

Universal Testing Machine (UTM) Image of the cross sectional view of samples
printed by Normal FFF for layer height 0.1 mm [6]
Gantt chart
 Reference
[1] H. Xia, J. Lu, S. Dabiri, and G. Tryggvason, “Fully Resolved Numerical Simulations of Fused Deposition Modeling . Part I —
Fluid Flow.”
[2] Y. Wang and Y. F. Zhao, “Investigation of Sintering Shrinkage in Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing Process,” Procedia
Manuf., vol. 10, pp. 779–790, 2017.
[3] A. P. Valerga, “Influence of PLA Filament Conditions on Characteristics of FDM Parts,” no. August, 2018.
[4] N. G. Tanikella, B. Wittbrodt, and J. M. Pearce, “Tensile strength of commercial polymer materials for fused filament fabrication
3D printing,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 15, pp. 40–47, 2017.
[5] F. Johansson, “Optimizing Fused Filament Fabrication 3D printing for durability Tensile properties & layer bonding,” 2016.
[6] S. Najatul and A. Majid, “Influence of Integrated Pressing during Fused Filament Fabrication on Tensile Strength and Porosity,”
vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 185–197, 2017.
[7] J.L Walker, M. Santoro, “9-processing and production of bioresorbable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering”,pp,181 – 203,
2017