Why we adopt ranging and the

direct ranging
method

Made by: abdul mueed yousfani

Roll number:17ce15
Ranging
• Ranging is the straightening of the chain line/tape line or the
survey line.
• When we discuss about the civil engineering measurements
we require high degree of accuracy and there is no room left
for any approximate workings.
• For accurate reading of linear distances. it is very important
that the chain line is straight or else it is not possible to get
correct measurements in the chain surveying
When do we adopt ranging ?
As it is quiet easy to measure distance with simply
using a chain when the distance to be measured is less
than length of one. The simple method is to stretch
hard the chain between the to control stations by
pulling the chain by hands and the chain remains
straight. This explains that the major case when ranging
is needed is when the distance to be measured is
greater than length of one chain.
Methods of ranging
There are basically two types of ranging
Direct ranging
his method is used when one control station (fixed reference point) is
visible from the other control station (fixed reference point).
Indirect ranging
this method is used when one control station(fixed reference point) is
not visible from the other control station (fixed reference point).
In my presentation I will brief on the direct method.
Direct ranging method
Instruments:
Ranging rods(atleast three)
 Plumb line
Method:
Two rods are fixed at two fixed refrence points which are in turn the
two points the distance between ehich we have to measure.
Depending on the distance to be measured some more rods are
taken(atleast 1).
The rod is taken to some distance by a person and moved according
to the instruction of the person standing about 2 m from one of the
earlier set rods . The rods are so erected that looking at the two
earlier placed rods in one line the additional new rod should not be
visible as it should have been hidden behind the first rod.
Other rods are are placed in between in the same way.
The process results in the rods erected along a straight line that joins
the two fixed points.
Any chain or tape laid along these rods remains straight hence the
chain line gets straight and the distance can be measured by laying
down the chain more than once and adding the total length.
The end