• Roman garden is a Landscape garden design, which was introduced in
Formal Garden
England in the beginning of 18th century. It is also called as English
landscape park.
• inspired by the paintings of Nicolas Poussin and Claude Lorraine.
Generally, in an English garden, there may be a lake or pond, establishing
rolling lawns opposite the tree groves and structures of bridges, ruins and
some other architecture. .
• Roman gardens were influenced by Egyptian, Persian, and Greek
gardening techniques.
• Private Roman gardens were generally separated into
three parts.
• The first, the xystus, was a terrace that served as an
open air drawing room and connected to the home
via a covered portico.
• The xystus overlooked the lower garden, or
ambulation.
• The ambulation consisted of a variety of flowers,
trees, and other foliage and served as an ideal milieu
for a leisurely stroll after a meal, some mild
conversation, or other Roman recreation activities.
• The gestation was a shaded avenue where the
master of a home could ride horseback or be carried
by his slaves. It generally encircled the ambulation,
or was constructed as a separate oval shaped space.
ROMAN GARDENS
• A formal garden is a garden whose plantings, paths, pools, fountains etc.
follow a definite plan.
• The garden is neatly trimmed, often symmetrical, which emphasizes the
geometrical forms.
• Formal garden design is one of the oldest in the world. This is because
formality is a general and privileged tradition in all Western, Middle
Eastern and Eastern Cultures.
• This garden is balanced on every side and has perfectly
pruned borders that surround beds.
• Flowers are constantly blossoming and well manicured.
• The most popular part of the formal garden are the topiary
plants.
• These plants are clipped into the geometric shapes or various
shapes of fish, animals and other objects.
• They also contain statues and other ornamentation.
• Garden paths and garden benches are common in a formal
garden.
• A focal point is very essential in this garden, which can be a
fountain or a pool.
• Below are mentioned the golden rules for formal garden
design: geometry viewpoint linkage pattern balance symmetry
vista.
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It is, the only period from which there survives any sizable quantity of
documentary evidence for productive gardens.
Although the pleasure garden seems to have been gradually replaced by
the profitable vegetable garden, or the flower garden of the household by
the kitchen garden, there were individuals of considerable culture and
wealth who could, always within the limits of Christian piety, appreciate
pleasure gardens and ensure their continued existence.
• For convenience, pleasure gardens may be
subdivided into public parks, imperial gardens,
and private gardens in urban houses of the
aristocracy, although all three bear many
similarities to each other.
• There were water reservoirs here able to
supplythe whole city and also a great variety of
fruit trees and splendid gardens where balsam,
lilies, fresh clover and hyacinth, roses, oleander,
and many other plants of sweet aroma were
cultivated.
• Aqueducts and a variety of springs, tall trees, and
musical birds added to the pleasure of the
environment.

• Byzantine gardens were based largely

on Roman ideas emphasizing
The types of trees grown in these gardens are elaborate mosaic designs, a typical
mentioned: classical feature of formally arrayed
fig, walnut, pear, cherry, quince, almond, trees and built elements such as
apple, pomegranate, olive, chestnut, mulberry fountains and small shrines.
and oak. All these together created a healthy • Byzantine gardens have influenced
climate. Islamic gardens and particularly
As one went lower in the plain, there were moorish gardens (because Spain was
natural springs, green bushes, meadows, and before a Byzantine province, Hispania
a variety of flowers Baetica.
The gardens prodeuced cabbages, leeks, • The Byzantines, like their Greco-Roman
carrots, garlic, onions, courgettes, melons, predecessors, attached great
and cucumbers as well as pomegranates. importance to such matters
of aesthetics. However ancient Greek
gardens and Roman gardens were more
developed and documented.

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