Three Phases of Water Cycle at different Pressures

Air-conditioning Basics

Air conditioners use refrigeration to chill

indoor air, taking advantage of a remarkable
physical law: When a liquid converts to a gas
(in a process called phase conversion), it
absorbs heat. Air conditioners exploit this
feature of phase conversion by forcing
special chemical compounds to evaporate
and condense over and over again in a
closed system of coils.
The first modern air conditioning system
was developed in 1902 by a young electrical
engineer named Willis Haviland Carrier. It
was designed to solve a humidity problem
at the Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing and
Publishing Company in Brooklyn, N.Y. Paper
stock at the plant would sometimes absorb
moisture from the warm summer air,
making it difficult to apply the layered
inking techniques of the time.
Air-conditioning systems involve may involve following Circuits

1. Refrigeration Circuit
2. Water Circuit
3. Air Circuit

And Heat is exchanged between:

Refrigerant and Air : Window type, Split Type, VRF Type, Direct
type via AHU
Refrigerant to Water : Chilled Water type Central Systems
Water to Air : Chilled Beams and AHUS ,
 Heat Exchanger

Cooling coil, Evaporator , Chiller and Condensor & Cooling Tower all are Heat
Exchangers.
Simple Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
Sources of Heat Gain
Window Type AC Units
Shapes of Split Inside Units
Splitting type : One outside to Many Inside
Window and Split-system AC Units
A window air conditioner unit implements a complete air
conditioner in a small space. The units are made small
enough to fit into a standard window frame. You close
the window down on the unit, plug it in and turn it on to
get cool air. If you take the cover off of an unplugged
window unit, you'll find that it contains:

1. A compressor
2. An expansion valve
3. A hot coil (on the outside)
4. A chilled coil (on the inside)
5. Two fans
6. A control unit
Direct Type Air-Conditioning
Direct Type Air-Conditioning
Central Chilled Water System (> 100 Tons)
Refrigeration Temperature
Selection of Refrigerant
Manufacturers of Refrigerants