The following slides provide technical and

EM 385-1-1 reference for the scaffolding

and harness violations identified on the
VOTECH contract.
They are specific to tube and coupler
systems.
 WORK PLATFORMS-22.C
Tube and Coupler (Clamp) Scaffolding

Diagonal bracing across the width

• 22.C.04.f
– Diagonal bracing across the
width of the scaffold shall 4th Level
be installed at the ends of
the scaffold at least every
forth level vertically and
repeated every third set
posts horizontally.
– Building ties shall be
installed adjacent to
bracing.
3rd Post
 WORK PLATFORMS-22.C
• Tube and Coupler (Clamp) Scaffolding
• Diagonal bracing across the inner and outer rows

• 22.C.04.g

– Diagonal bracing across the inner and outer rows of poles/posts

shall be installed at approx. 45 degree angle in both directions
from the base of the end post upward to the extreme top.
– Diagonal bracing shall be repeated beginning at every fifth post
for long run scaffolding.
– Diagonal bracing not reaching the top shall be reversed and
proceed to the top of the scaffold.
– Diagonal bracing should be attached to the posts as much as
possible.
 WORK PLATFORMS-22.C
• 22.C.04.g Tube and Coupler (Clamp) Scaffold
Longitudinal Bracing

Diagonal Bracing
(Inner and outer)

5th Post
 WORK PLATFORMS-22.C
• Tube and Coupler (Clamp) Scaffolding
• Longitudinal Diagonal Bracing

• 22.C.04.f
– Longitudinal Diagonal bracing across the inner and outer rows
of poles/posts shall be installed at approx. 45 degree angle in
both directions from the base of the end post upward to the
extreme top.
– Diagonal bracing shall be repeated beginning at every fifth post
for long run scaffolding.
– Diagonal bracing not reaching the top shall be reversed and
proceed to the top of the scaffold.
– Diagonal bracing should be attached to the posts as much as
possible.
 WORK PLATFORMS-22.B
Ties

• 22.B.09 When the scaffold height exceeds four

times the minimum scaffold base dimension…the
scaffold shall be secured to the wall or structure.
• 22.B.09 a. The first vertical and horizontal tie shall
be placed at this point.
• 22.B.09 b. Vertical ties shall be repeated at
intervals not greater than 26 ft (7.9 m) with the top
tie placed no lower than four times the base
dimension from the top of the scaffold.
• 22.B.09 c. Horizontal ties shall be placed at EACH
end and at intervals not greater than 30 ft (9.1 m).
 WORK PLATFORMS-22.B and C

• 22.C.04.d.(4) Runners shall be placed not more than 6 ft -

6 in (1.9 m) on center.

• 2.B.01.a. Scaffolds and their components shall … be

capable of supporting without failure at least 4 times the
maximum anticipated load.
 WORK PLATFORMS-22.B and C
Ladders / stairways

• 22.B.08.a. An access ladder or equivalent safe

access shall be provided.

• 22.B.08.c. Climbing of braces shall be prohibited.

• 22.C.03 A ladder or stairway shall be provided for

access and shall be affixed or built into all metal
scaffolds and so located that, when in use, it will
not have a tendency to tip the scaffold.
 SAFE ACCESS-21.E
Stairways
• 21.E.01 On all structures 20 ft (6 m) or more in height,
stairways shall be provided during construction.
• a. Where permanent stairways are not installed
concurrently with the construction of each floor, a
temporary stairway shall beprovided to the work level.
• b. Alternatives to the use of stairways shall be addressed
in the AHA and shall be accepted by the GDA.
 WORK PLATFORMS-22.A
Special on site requirements

• 22.A.01 … A copy of the manufacturer's

recommendations (operating manual) or guidance from
the Scaffolding, Shoring, and Forming Institute shall be
available at the work site.
• 22.A.03 Prior to commencing any activity that requires
work in elevated areas, all provisions for access and fall
protection shall be delineated in the AHA, accepted by the
GDA, for the activity.
• 22.A.05 Erection, moving, dismantling, or altering of work
platforms shall be under the supervision of a competent
person.
 SAFE ACCESS-21.A
AHA
• 21.A.02 The AHA, approved by the GDA, for the
activity in which means of access are to be used
shall delineate the following:
• a. The design, construction, and maintenance of
the means of access, and
• b. Erection and dismantling procedures, including
provisions for providing fall protection during the
erection or dismantling when the erection or
dismantling involves work at heights that expose
the workers to falls of 6 ft (1.8 m) or more.
 Appendix Q
• COMPETENT PERSON means one who is capable of
identifying existing and predictable hazards in the
surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary,
hazardous, or dangerous to employees and who has
authorization to take prompt corrective measures to
eliminate them.
 SAFE ACCESS - 21.B
Guardrails
• 21.B.01 A standard guardrail shall consist of
toprails, midrails, and posts, and shall have a
vertical height of 42 in +/- 3 in (106.6 cm +/- 7.6
cm) from the upper surface of the toprail to the
floor, platform, runway, or ramp level. Standard
guardrail systems shall be provided with toe
boards on all open sides/ends at locations where
persons are required or permitted to pass or work
under the elevated platform or where needed to
prevent persons and material from falling from the
elevated platform.
 SAFE ACCESS-21.E
Planking
• 21.A.10.d.
• Planking shall be laid with edges close
together across the entire access surface.
There will be no spaces through which
personnel, equipment, or material could fall.
 FALL PROTECTION-21.C
• 21.C.05 When necessary, body belts and harnesses shall have two
lanyards to ensure that a person is tied-off with at least one lanyard at
all times, or where the lanyard is the primary support for operations
such as rock-scaling and high-wall concrete finishing.

• 21.C.06 The manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed in the

fitting, adjustment, use, inspection, testing, replacement, and care of
personal fall protection equipment. Before an employee uses personal
fall protection equipment, he /she shall receive instruction in these
recommendations and the potential fall hazards of the activity.

• 21.C.07 Personal fall protection equipment shall be inspected by the

worker prior to each use to determine that is in a safe working
condition. A competent person shall inspect the equipment at least
once semi-annually and whenever subjected to severe use; defective
equipment shall be immediately replaced.