JOSÉ RIZAL'S

TRIAL
DIAMZON, ALLANIS NICOLETTE C.
RIZAL IN DAPITAN
(1892-1896)

• July 31, 1896 – Rizal's four-year exile has ended.

• He stayed in Dapitan for four years, thirteen days, and a
few hours.
RIZAL AND THE STEAMER ESPAÑA


 Dumaguete. Rizal had visited some friends like a former classmate from Madrid and had cured a sick Guardia
Civil captain.

 Cebu. He carried out 4 operations ad gave out prescriptions to many other patients.

 Iloilo. He saw the historical Mactan Island. He went shopping and was impressed by the Molo Church in Iloilo.

 The ship then sailed to Capiz, to Romblon, and finally to Manila.


RIZAL AND THE KATIPUNAN

•
• The Katipunero "Emilio Jacinto" disguised himself as a ship crew member.
•
• Also, Guillermo Masankay, circled the ship in a boat.
•
• Rizal was said to have refused to be rescued by Katipunan's envoys.
RIZAL AND THE ARRIVAL IN MANILA

•
• August 6, 1896- arrival
•
• Isla de Luzon- mail boat that had left for Spain so he had to stay in Manila
•
• Cruiser Castilla docked at Cavite- government transferred him near midnight
RIZAL AND KATIPUNAN REVOLUTION DISCOVERY

•
• August 19, the Katipunan plot to revolt against the Spanish authorities was discovered
theough the confession of Teodoro Patiño to Mariano Gil.
•
• Tore their cedulas (residence certificates)
KATIPUNAN'S FIRST MAJOR ASSAULTS

•
• Happened on August 29 and 30.
• Attacked the Civil Guard garrison in Pasig.
• Also the 100 soldiers protecting the powder magazine in San Juan.
• 150 katipuneros were killed; 200 were taken prisoner.
• Governor-general proclaimed a state of war in Manila and sever other nearby provinces.
RIZAL AND ISLA DE PANAY (GOING TO SPAIN)

• On September 2, Rizal was transported to the ship Isla de Panay. The steamer left Manila for
Barcelona the next day.
•
• Urged to stay in the British-controlled territory (Singapore) by his co-passengers, but refused.
•
• Blanco, the Ministers of War, and the Colonies, planning Rizal's arrest upon reaching Barcelona.
RAMÓN BLANCO Y ERENAS
RIZAL AS A PRISONER ONBOARD, AND EGYPT

• Port Said , Egypt on September 27 (stopover)

•
• Rizal had the feeling that he had already been associated with the Filipino revolution as his co-
passengers became aloof to him.
•
• Wrote a letter to Blumentritt
•
• Stayed in his cabin until September 30 before reaching Malta, until further orders from Blanco
come.
•
FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT
RIZAL AND EULOGIO DESPUJOL

• Isla de Panay anchored at Barcelona on October 3, 1896.

•
• Placed under heavy guard by the Military Commander of Barcelona, General Eulogio
Despujol.
•
• October 6, Rizal was transported to Monjuich prison-fortess.
•
• In the evening, Despujol ordered to ship Rizal back to Manila.
•
EULOGIO DESPUJOL Y DUSAY
RIZAL AND THE LAST HOMECOMING

• He arrived in Manila on November 3, 1896.

•
• Paciano, his friends, acquaintances, some members of La Liga Filipina, were forcibly
questioned and tortured.
•
• Preliminary investigation: Rizal underwent a series of interrogations administered by
Colonel Francisco Olive (one of the judges)
COLONEL FRANCISCO OLIVE
• Rizal was taken aboard the ship "Colon" which left for Manila at 8 p.m.
•
• Spanish soldiers and families were under orders not to go near or talk to Rizal.
•
• He was allowed to take walks on deck, though he was locked up and handcuffed before
reaching any port.
RIZAL AND THE EVIDENCES

• 15 pieces of documentary evidence were presented.

• Rizal's letters
• Letters of his compatriots (Marcelo del Pilar and Antonio Luna)
• Kundiman (a poem)
• Masonic document
• 2 transcipts of speech of Katipuneros (Jacinto and Jose Santiago)
• A Talisay (Rizal's poem)
•
TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE

• Oral testimonies of 13 Filipinos notably including that of La Liga officers like Ambrosio
Salavador, Deodato Arellano, and the Katipunero Pio Valenzuela.
RIZAL AND PEÑA'S RECOMMENDATION

• November 26- Olive submitted reports to Blanco

• Captain Rafael Dominguez- special Judge Advocate in Rizal's case (made summary of the case),
Blanco sent papers to Peña
•
• Judge Advocate-General Don Nicolas dela Peña recommended that:
• 1. Rizal be instantly brought to trial, and
• 2. He be kept in jail
• 3. A order of attachment be issued against his property
• 4. A Spanish army officer, not a civilian lawyer, be permitted to defend him in court.
•
RIZAL AND HIS LAWYER

• December 8, to choose a lawyer from 100 spanish army officers.

• He chose Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade, who turned out to be the younger brother of his
bodyguard-friend in Calamba in 1887 (Jose Taviel de Andrade)
•
• December 11, formal changes were read to Rizal in his prison cell with Andrade on his
side. He was accused of being the main organizer and the living soul of the revolution. He
pleaded not guilty.
LUIS TAVIEL DE ANDRADE
RIZAL AND HIS MANIFESTO

• December 13, Camilo G. de Polavieja replaced Blanco as governor-general.

•
• Papers of Rizal's criminal case were sent to Malacañang.
•
• Rizal (December 15) wrote a manifesto appealing to the revolutionaries to discontinue
the uprising and pursue to attain liberty instead by means of education and of labor.
CAMILO GARCÍA DE POLAVIEJA
RIZAL AS THE "TRAPPED RAT" IN THE KANGAROO
COURT

• December 26 (morning), Rizal appeared in the kangaroo court inside the military building,
Cuartel de España.
•
• Tried before seven members of the military court with Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona acting
as the president.
•
• Judge Advocate Dominguez- presented Rizal's criminal case
RIZAL, ALCOCER AND THE DEATH SENTENCE

• Prosecuting Attorney Enrique de Alcocer followed a lengthy speech to appeal to the

emotions of the Spanish Judges, went as far as dramatically mentioning the Spanish
soldiers who had died in the Filipino revolt and describing Rizal as a typical oriental.
•
• Alcocer petitioned for a death sentence for Rizal and an indemnity of 20,000 pesos.
RIZAL AND HIS DEFENSES

• Lt. Andrade took the floor and tried his very best to save his client.
•
• Rizal was allowed to read his complementary defense consisting logical proofs that he:
• 1. Could have not taken part in the revolution
• 2. La Liga was distinct from Katipunan
• 3. He advised Katipunan emissary in Dapitan not to pursue the plan to revolt
• 4. The revolutionists had used his name without his knowledge
• 5. He could have escaped in Dapitan or Singapore if he were guilty
• 6. The civic group La Liga, which died out upon his exile, and he had no knowledge about
its reformation
•
• La Liga - 1. Cuerpo de Compromisarios & 2. Katipunan
•
JOSE RIZAL WAS FOUND GUILTY

a. Lt. Col. Arjona then declared the trial over.

b.
b. The entire defense was indifferently disregarded in Rizal's mock trial as it instantaneously
considered him guilty.
c.
c. The jury unanimously voted for the death sentence.
d.
d. Jose Rizal was found guilty, and the sentence was death by firing squad.