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Protecion of Transformer
Protecion of Transformer
Protecion of Transformer
PREPARED BY:
INTRODUCTION
TRANSFORMER OVERVIEW
TYPE OF TRANFORMER PROTECTION
• Meaning
• Protection by characteristic
• Type
• Main protection in transformer
• Main Component
• Back-up protection in transformer
TRANSFORMER FAILURE
• Causes
• Component that usually trouble
INTRODUCTION
What is Transformer?
Transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through
electromagnetic induction. A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic field, which
in turn induces a varying electromotive force (emf) or "voltage" in a second coil. Power can be transferred between
the two coils through the magnetic field, without a metallic connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of
induction discovered in 1831 described this effect. Transformers are used to increase or decrease the alternating
voltages in electric power applications.
TYPES OF TRANSFORMER
• Overheating • Overheating
• Voltage source
• Mechanical stress from through-faults
TRANSFORMERS FAILURE
The type of protection for the transformers varies depending on the application and the importance of the
transformer.
Transformers are protected primarily against faults and overloads. The type of protection used should minimize the
time of disconnection for faults within the transformer and to reduce the risk of catastrophic failure to simplify
eventual repair.
Any extended operation of the transformer under abnormal condition such as faults or overloads compromises the
life of the transformer, which means adequate protection should be provided for quicker isolation of the transformer
under such conditions
TYPE OF PROTECTION BY CHARACTERISTIC
Mechanical: Electrical:
Accumulated Gases Fuses
example: Bucholtz Relay small transformers (type < 10 MVA)
Pressure Relays short cisrcuit protection only
example: Sudden Pressure Relay Overcurrent protection
Thermal • High side
Protecting from fault that caused by overload, Through fault protection
overexcitation, harmonics and geo-magnetically induced
current Differential back-up protection for high faults