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PhaseIII Chem L5 ReactionOfMetals
PhaseIII Chem L5 ReactionOfMetals
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Conduction of Electricity by
Metals
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Properties of Metals Explained
by Structure and Bonding
• Good conductors of electricity and heat – electrons are delocalized
• Solids with high melting points (熔點) and boiling points (沸點) –
strong giant lattice structure (巨型晶格結構)
• Have high densities (密度) – close packing of atoms
• Malleable (can be rolled into sheets) and ductile (can be pulled
out into wire) – metal atoms are held together by the non-
directional metallic bonds
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Comparing Reactivity (活潑性)
of Common Metals
How to compare:
1. The lowest temperature at which the reaction can be initiated.
2. The rate of reaction.
3. The amount of heat energy given out from the reaction.
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Reactions of Metals with Air
Different metals react with air at very different rates. Reactive metals like
potassium (鉀) burn vigorously in air with characteristic flame and form
metal oxides by combining with oxygen and form metal oxides. Some less
reactive metals do not burn in air. They only react moderately even when
are heated strongly. Some metals are very inert (惰性) and do not react
with air/oxygen at all even under very strong heating. The trend of
reactivity gives the Metal Reactivity Series (金屬活性序).
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Reactions of Metals with Air
Potassium 鉀 (K) They are ignited easily by gentle heating. They burn
Sodium 鈉 (Na) vigorously and give metal oxides (金屬氧化物).
Mercury 汞 (Hg) It does not burn in air but oxidizes under heating. Strong
heating can decompose the metal oxide back into the metal.
Silver 銀 (Ag) They do not react with air under strong heating.
Gold 金 (Au) 7
Reactions of Metals with Air
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Appearance of Metals and
Storage Methods
The shiny surface of very reactive metals (potassium, sodium) soon becomes
dull when exposed to air.
The metal reacts with the oxygen in air to give the metal oxide.
Sodium and potassium are often protected from oxygen and moisture by
storing under paraffin oil (石蠟油).
Calcium are usually stored in airtight containers.
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Reactions of Metals with Water
Alkali metals (鹼金屬) are so reactive that they react vigorously and
exothermically (放熱) with water. In some cases the heat generated is
sufficient to ignite the metal. In general the reactions of metals with
water produce hydrogen gas (H2) and the hydroxides (氫氧化物) of the
metals. Metals with moderate to low reactivity react very slowly with
water. However, they react moderately with steam when heated and give
hydrogen gas and metal oxides. Metals low in the metal reactivity series
do not react with water even at high temperature.
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Reactions of Metals with Water
Metal Reactivity (活潑性)
Potassium (K) They react vigorously with cold water. The heat generated
Sodium (Na) from the reaction can ignite the metals.
The resulting alkaline solution will turn red litmus (石蕊試紙) blue because of
the potassium hydroxide formed.
Calcium reacts moderately with water, forming hydrogen gas and the slightly
soluble calcium hydroxide (氫氧化鈣) (milky suspension).
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Actions of Magnesium, Aluminium,
Zinc and Iron on Water
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Actions of Magnesium, Aluminium,
Zinc and Iron on Water
Zinc and iron do not react with cold or hot water. They react with
steam slowly to give the respective oxides
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Reactions of Metals with Dilute
Hydrochloric Acid(稀氫氯酸)
Metal Reactivity
Potassium (K) They react explosively with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Sodium (Na)
Calcium (Ca) It reacts readily with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Magnesium It reacts moderately with dilute hydrochloric acid.
(Mg)
Aluminium (Al) They react slowly with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Zinc (Zn)
Iron (Fe)
Lead (Pb) It reacts very slowly with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Copper (Cu) They do not react with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Mercury (Hg)
Silver (Ag)
Gold (Au)
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The Metal Reactivity Series
(金屬活性序)
By comparing their reactions with air, water and dilute hydrochloric acid,
we can arrange common metals in order of reactivity.
Lead, Pb
Copper, Cu
Mercury, Hg No reaction
Silver, Ag with water/steam
Gold, Au
Least reactive
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Applications of the Reactivity
Series
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