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GREEK CIVILIZATION
CONTRIBUTIONS OF GREEK CIVILIZATION

Many Civilizations influenced Greece because of the sea explorations.

The Greeks adapted the alphabet of Phoenicia.
The Greeks borrowed the coinage system from the Lydians.
The Greeks learned and gained the knowledge of Geometry from the Egyptians.

Science
• The Greeks were good in mathematics.
• Pythagoras formulated the principle of geometry that bears his name the
Pythagorean Theorem.
EUCLID Recognized as the father of “Father of geometry”
ARCHIMEDES
•Advance a method of measuring the circumference of a circle.
•He also discovered the principle of the specific gravity.
ARISTARCHUS
• Discovered that the Earth revolves around the sun while rotating on its own
axis.
ERASTOSTHENES
•Able to make an estimate the circumference of the world. •He was also the first
to draw the longitude and the latitude lines on the map of the world
PHILOSOPHY
• SOCRATES-famous because of his philosophy that reason and not emotion
should prevail.
• PLATO-for him law was supposed to be for all and not for the strong and rich
only.
• ARISTOTLE-was the intelligent students of Plato he studied animals, plants
anatomy and physics. According to him one should accept any theory if this
conforms to observable data.

SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE

 Social structure
• Broken up to two divisions, Free people and Slaves.

Slaves • No political rights

• Used as servants and laborers
• Sometime slaves are prisoners from
war or from foreign slave traders.

Free People
• Citizens
Only free, land owning, native-born men
Entitled to the full protection of the law in a city-state
After compulsory service in the army they were expected to be
government officials and take part in Jury Service.
• Metics
Foreign birth that had migrated to Athens
Had to pay taxes and sometimes required to serve in the army
Never achieve full rights of a Citizen.
 EDUCATION
Formal Education
Primarily for men, and was, in general, not offered to slaves, manual laborers, or women. In some
poleis, laws were passed to prohibit the education of slaves. Formal education is attained by attending
a public school or by hiring a private tutor.

Informal Education
This is done through an unpaid teacher in a non-public setting.
For example a mother teaching her daughter how to maintain a
household.
ECONOMY

• Ancient Greece was the most advanced economy in the world.

• one of the most advanced preindustrial economies.
• Craftsmanship and commerce develop and gradually became more important in the classical period.
Theatre
Theatre is centered in Athens where it was
institutionalized as part of a festival called the
Dionysia.
Tragedy, comedy, and thesatyr.
Athens exported the festival

Music and Dance

Music was present almost universally in Greek
society, from marriages to religious ceremonies,
theatre, folk music and the ballad.
There are significant fragments of actual Greek
musical notation as well as many literary
references to ancient Greek music.
Greek art depicts musical instruments and dance.
The word music derives from the name of the
Muses, the daughters of Zeus
• Acropolis is a Greek word meaning 'high city'. •
The Athenian Acropolis rises from the plain of Attica to 500 feet above sea level.
• In times of attack the Acropolis became the last fort of defense.
• The Acropolis hill, so called the "Sacred Rock" of Athens, is the most important site of the city.
• The Acropolis contains some of the world's most famous structures built in the classical architectural
style.
CARYATID

A caryatid is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a
pillar supporting an entablature on her head. The Greek term karyatides literally means "maidens
of Karyai",( an ancient town of Peloponnese). Karyai had a famous temple dedicated to the
goddess Artemis in her aspect of Artemis Karyatis: "As Karyatis she rejoiced in the dances of the nut-tree
village of Karyai, those Karyatides, who in their ecstatic round-dance carried on their heads baskets of live
reeds, as if they were dancing plants".[1]
Thank you