Sexual Reproduction in

Animals
Male Female

Gamete – sperm Gamete – egg

Gonad – testes Gonad – ovary
Many sperm cells Few to many eggs
- spermatogenesis - oogenesis
Sperm cells are(n) Egg cells are (n)
haploid/monoploid haploid/monoploid
 Sperm Egg
*Smaller *Larger than a body
*Swims through liquid cell
*Head, middle, & tail *Cannot move on its
(flagellum) own
*Round shape
 Fertilization
• Sperm nucleus enters the egg and moves
to the egg nucleus. The 2 nuclei join
together and then form a zygote.
 External Fertilization
*outside the body
• Animals that breed in the water

• Many hazards in the environment

– Sperm and egg may not meet
– Eggs or offspring may be eaten
– May die due to environmental conditions
• Temperature
• Oxygen level
• Large number of sperm and egg are
released to overcome hazards

• Hormones control behavior to have sperm

and egg released at the same time.
 Internal Fertilization
*within the female body
• Land animals

• Some aquatic animals

– Shark
– Octopus
• Requires specialized sex organ to carry
sperm to body of female

• Watery environment needed for sperm to

swim to the egg
• After fertilization, zygote is enclosed in a
protective shell and released OR remains
and develops in female body

Zygote
Turtle laying eggs
• Internal Fertilization
– Fewer eggs needed
– Well protected
– Increased chance of fertilization

Parthenogenesis – development of unfertilized

egg into an adult.- Bees & Wasps
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