EEE 226 CONTROL SYSTEMS

POLAR PLOT
 POLAR PLOT
• It is the plot between magnitude and phase angle of 𝐺 𝑠 𝐻(𝑠)
when ω is varied from 0 and ∞

• It is the plot between real and imaginary part of 𝐺 𝑠 𝐻(𝑠)

when ω is varied from 0 and ∞

• To analyse the stability of Control System in frequency

domain

• To design closed loop control systems in frequency domain

 How to draw Polar Plot ?
• Substitute s=jω.
• Substitute ω=0, in the transfer function and find the magnitude (it is
infinity if a pole is at origin). The plot originates at an angle (- n x π/2) with
the corresponding magnitude, where n is no. of poles at the origin.
• Substitute ω=infinity, and find the magnitude (always zero). The plot
terminates at the ‘Net Angle’ contributed by the transfer function. For eg.
G(jω)H(jω)= K(1+jω)/jω(2+jω)(4+jω)
= 90/90.90.90
= -180

• Join the two points as shown in the previous slide.

• Rationalize the transfer function and equate the imaginary part to zero.
Now the frequency ω crossing the negative real axis is obtained.
• Substitute ω in |G(jω)H(jω)| and determine the coordinate crossing the
negative real axis.
 PROCEDURE FOR CONSTRUCTING POLAR
PLOT
• Convert the transfer function to TIME CONSTANT FORM
Substitute S = jω and K = 1

• Write magnitude and phase angle of the given transfer function

• Choose arbitrary frequencies near corner frequencies

• Tabulate frequency, magnitude and phase angle values. Mark the values in
polar graph sheet

• To use rectangular graph sheet convert magnitude and phase

angle to real and imaginary values
DIRECT POLAR PLOTS
We can plot transfer function in polar plan