Surgical anatomy of the brain

Outline

• Lateral surface
• Basal surface
• Medial surface
• Posterior fossa
 Omega area and central sulcus
Superior frontal sulcus and gyri Intra pareital sulcus

Precentral sulcus and gyri Posterior central sulcus and gyri

middle frontal gyrus Angular gyrus
Supra marginal gyrus
Inferior frontal sulcus

Par opercularis

Par triangularis
Anterior horizontal ramus
Pars orbitalis Superior temporal gyrus
Middle temporal gyrus

Inferior temporal gyrus

 Sylvian fissure

Operculum compartment Limiting sulcus of insular

Basal ganglia
Thalamus
insular compartment
External capsules
Insula or Island of Reil
 Sylvian fissure

Hesclhl’s gyrus

Planum polare
 Association fiber of the cerebrum

Corona radiata

Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus Superior longitudinal fasciculus

Uncinate fasciculus
 Lateral ventricle

Body
Septum pellucidum

Frontal horn atrium

Thalamostriate vein.
Ant. Septal v. Foramen of Monro

Occipital horn

Temporal horn
 Internal capsule

Genu Ant. limb

Post.Limb
Lentiform n.
Retrolenticular

Sublenticular
 Corpus callosum

Body

Splenium
Genu

Rostrum
 Optic radiation

Meyer’s loop

Middle part
Lateral geniculate body

Posterior part
Fornix,Thalamus,Hippocampus
 Hippocampus

Head of hippocampus

Body of hippocampus

Tail of hippocampus
Lateral surface: Arterial relationship
Lateral surface: Venous relationship(superficial)

Superior anastomotic
vein(V. of Trolard)

Superficial sylvian vein

Inferior anastomotic
vein(V. of Labbe)
Lateral surface: Venous relationship(Deep)

Deep middle cerebral vein

 Basal surface,Neural relationship

Rectal gyrus
Orbital sulcus Olfactory tract

Uncus and Rninal sulcus

Inferior temporal gyrus
Occipitotemporal sulcus

Parahippocampal gyrus
Collateral sulcus
Fusiform gyrus
Anterior perforated
substance
 Basal surface : Arterial relationship

Ant. Choroidal artery

Pcom artery
Ophthalmic artery
 Basal surface : Arterial relationship

P1 segment
P2A

ant. Inf.
Temporal a.
P2P

Mid. Inf.
Temporal a.

Post. Inf.
Temporal a.
 Medial surface : Neural relationship

Paracentral ramus Paracentral lobule

Medial frontal gyrus Marginal ramus

Cingulate gyrus

Pareito-occipital sulcus
Cuneus

Lingual
 Medial surface : Neural relationship

Ant. commisure
Dentate gyrus
Paraterminal gyrus

Sup. & inf rostal sulci uncus

Rhinalsulcus
Medial surface : Arterial relationship
 Medial surface : Venous relationship

• Frontal lobe  medial frontal vein  Superior

saggital sinus or inferior saggital sinus
• Parietal lobe  superior saggitalsinus , vein of Galen
• Occipital lobe  anterior and posterior calcarine
vein
 Posterior Fossa

• Rule of three
brainstem has three parts – midbrain, pons, medulla
cerebellar has three surface – Petrosal, tentorial ,
suboccipital
three cerebellar peduncle – superior, middle, inferior
three fissure – cerebellomesencephalic,
cerebellopontine, cerebellomedullary
Three main artery – superior cerebellar a, anterior
inferior cerebellart a., posterior inferior cerebellar a
three main venous – petrosal, galenic, tentorial
 Midbrain

Quadrigeminal plate
Oculomotor N.

Pontomesencephalic s.lcus
 Pons,Medulla

Basilar sulcus

Lateral pontine sulcus

Trigeminal N.

Pontomedullary sulcus
Pre olivary sulcus

Post olivary sulcus XII

Ant. Median fissure

Fourth ventricle, Cerebellum(petrosal surface)

Choroid plexus
Flocculus Great horizontal fissure

Rhomboid lip
 Cerebellum(tentorial surface)

Anterior cerebellar incisura

Posterior cerebellar incisura

 Cerebellum(tentorial surface)

Central lobule

culmen

declive 1 fissure

Post clival fissure

folium
 Cerebellum(suboccipital surface)

Inferior semilunar lobule

pyramid

uvula

Biventral lobule uvula

Foramen of Magedies
Vein of Posterior Fossa
Arteries of the Posterior Fossa
Cerebellopontine angle