FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage

Contents

 FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Introduction

 FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Solution
 FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis
 FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
What does Indoor Coverage Cover ?

Hotel CBD
Mall/Supermarket

Exhibition Center Public building High-rise Apartment

Resident Area

Airport/ Middle-rise Apartment

Railway Station Special Area

MDU
Community
Stadium
Metro Campus
The Importance of FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage

Coverage
The primary service provided by 2G
is voice, whose strategy is wide
coverage to resolve the issue on
both coverage and capacity.
Capacity

In LTE, the major service is data, to

Coverage fulfill the coverage, capacity and
quality requirements of which
multiple and flexible coverage
strategy has to be adopted . In
addition, the preferable location to
use data service is mainly indoor
coverage area.
Factor of Indoor Coverage
Construction condition Quality of indoor signal
 Conditions of cable layout  Interference of the environment
and reconstruction  User’s experience
 Conditions of electricity
 Conditions of beautiful
outlook and concealment

Cost of construction and Ability of upgrade

maintenance  Reconstruction of the network
 Complexity and  Ability of smooth upgrade
maintenance
 Low power consumption
 Requirements for FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage
 Meet requirements of high speed data service
 Scalable and upgradeable
 Low cost & Low power consumption
 Small size, portable, easy installation
 Unified O&M system, easy maintenance
 Heterogeneous network: Mixed Macro, Pico, Femto, and DAS.

Dense Urban Scenario 1

Indoor Scenario Macro BS solution satisfy high
Pico BS enhance the capacity requirement
coverage in each floor

Sub urban/Rural Scenario

solution fit for unbalanced
large scale coverage
Dense Urban Scenario 2
Outdoor Pico BS for hot-spot
and weak signal area
Contents

 FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Introduction

 FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Solution
 FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis
 FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
Traditional Solution of Indoor Coverage
 Outdoor penetration coverage
 Macro eNodeB
 Signal source + Distributed antenna system
 Passive distributed system
 Active distributed system
 Fiber distributed system
 Repeater
 Radio repeater
 Fiber repeater

 Macro cell is mainly for coverage and commercial showcase of LTE deployment.

 The real actual traffic and capacity will be provided with smaller cells for high dense area.
Outdoor Penetration Coverage
Macro eNodeB penetration coverage Micro eNodeB penetration coverage
 The macro eNodeB’s signal to penetrate wall  Micro eNodeB set closer to the coverage

 High penetration loss exists, the quality can target

not be guaranteed  Ability to guarantee the indoor coverage

Micro eNodeB
< 10 floors
or 30m

65o
~ 90 m

According to 3G construction experience, macro

It will be existing high deployment cost as
cell penetration coverage is not a good mobile
well as a hard way to get build out resources.
broadband solution for indoor coverage.
Signal Source + Distributed Antenna System
Passive distributed system Active distributed system

RF Antenna Antenna
RF Antenna Antenna
Splitter
Splitter

Trunk Amplifier

RF Cable
RF Cable

Antenna Antenna RF Antenna Antenna

RF
Splitter
Splitter

Signal Signal
Coupler
Source Coupler Source

 High reliability, heavy workload, much  Trunk amplifier helps to enlarge coverage,
restriction from building but it increases workload
 Difficulty with MIMO support and hard work  High system complexity
to deploy the system  The cascade number generally is no more
 Should think about support multi-RAT. than 3.
Micro eNB and RRU Indoor Coverage Solution
 High power source + Distributed system

 Suitable for medium or small scale building

 Depending on the IDS, not flexible for coverage expansion

Micro eNodeB System + IDS Micro RRU + Indoor Distributed System

Micro Micro
RRU RRU

Micro
eNB Micro
BBU
RRU
Pico eNB Networking
Antenna

Pico eNB

Pico
Antenna
Switcher

Pico eNB networking: Enhance indoor

coverage in each floor
Switcher

Switch router
Pico RRU Networking
New Building Sharing Macro Hot spots & blind
Coverage eNodeB’s Capacity spots supplement

Macro eNodeB Macro eNodeB

Antenna
Pico RRU

Penetration
P-Bridge coverage

P-Bridge

Antenna
BBU Antenna
Pico RRU Pico RRU

Pico RRU can be deployed directly with no need of distributed system for its small output
power, which can improve the capacity and quality of indoor coverage obviously.
Distributed Antenna System

Antenna
RRU

BBU

 DAS can improve the capacity and quality of indoor coverage obviously
Reuse Solution of Existing DAS
Antenna
Divider

Coupler
Divider
BDA
LTE RRU

Coupler

BDA LTERRU
Combiner
Divider
Coupler

Divider

 Make the best of existing DAS

2G BTS 3G NodeB LTE BBU
 MIMO not supported
MIMO Supported

 Indoor MIMO may bring data throughput

improvement. MIMO channel 1 MIMO channel 2

 Need to extend existing one antenna

system to two at the similar position
 One RRU Port connects to combiner to use

existing DAS system Antenna

combiner
 Another port connects to a new Distribute

antenna system 3G NodeB

LTE RRU

LTE BBU
Femto eNodeB
Femto

Femto eNB : Be suitable for family users

Switch router
Femto eNodeB Network Architecture
MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

EPC

S1 Femto eNB GW
EPS
eNodeB

E-
X2
UTRAN
S1

eNodeB Femto
eNodeB
Femto
Femto eNodeB
eNodeB Femto
eNodeB

 No X2 interface support between femto eNodeBs

 Femto eNB gateway serves as concentrator on C- plane for many femto eNBs
 Femto eNB gateways are transparent and optional
Various of Indoor Coverage Solution
LTE Indoor
Application Scenario
Coverage Solution
Outdoor eNode B Low capacity, small scale buildings, the requirements of
penetration coverage coverage and traffic are low
Medium capacity, Medium storey building and coverage area,
Traditional
allowed the RF cable construction, the office building, shopping
Distributed System
mall where need to co-existing indoor coverage system
Low capacity, less than 3 floor building, small coverage,
Repeater
isolated tunnel, villa, bar, etc.
Medium or small scale building where need to co-work with
Micro
existing indoor coverage system
High capacity, high storey building and coverage area,
business center, shopping mall, business residence building
Pico/Business Femto
and gymnasium where have large traffic but can not construct
RF cable or indoor distributed system
Femto Home access, FMC multi service convergence
Diverse Indoor Coverage Solutions

Capacity BBU + Pico RRU

BBU
+ P Bridge
+ Pico RRU
High

Micro eNB + IDS Pico eNB

Middle
+ +
IDS Pico eNB Antennas (optional)
Micro eNB

Home Access Solution

Low
+
Femto eNB
GW (optional) Coverage
Small Middle Large
Contents

 FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Introduction

 FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Solution
 FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis
 FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis

 Indoor Coverage parameter

 Per antenna cover 50m
 Cell edge SINR: 5dB (support
16QAM, can reach
5Mbps within 10 Resource blocks)
 Bandwidth: 20MHz
 eNB antenna gain: 2dB
 UE antenna gain: 0dB
 Penetration loss between walls:
8dB
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis

 RS RE signal strength
 RS Noise figure: -174 + 10log(15kHz) + 9 = -123.2dBm
 Cell edge SINR: 5dB
 RS RE signal strength: -123.2 + 5dB = -118.2dBm /
15KHz
 Indoor Path-loss calculation
 Path-loss model: L = 20log(f) + 30 log(d) - 28dB
 F = 2600MHz; d = 50m
 L = 91dB
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis

 eNodeB Antenna port transmitter power

 RS RE signal strength: -118.2dBm/15KHz
 Path-loss: 91dB
 Penetration loss: 8dB
 eNodeB Antenna gain: 2dB
 Receiver-diversity gain: 3dB
 Fading margin: 6dB
 RS RE transmitter power: -18.2dbm /15KHz
 Antenna port transmitter power: = -18.2 + 10log(1200) =
13dBm/20MHz
FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis

 Conclusion:
 Per antenna port transmitter power is about 13dBm.
 It can ensure good coverage and better performance in
indoor environment.
Contents

 FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Introduction

 FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Solution
 FDD-LTE Indoor Coverage Analysis
 FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration

 Antenna configuration for supporting MIMO

 In order to support MIMO, two distributed antenna
system must be supported.
 Another new distributed antenna system can be
connected to combiner with existing antenna system.
FDD-LTE Indoor antenna configuration
 Indoor antenna configuration
 In order to support MIMO, lower channel correlation is
required.
 Lower channel correlation is mainly determined by
antenna configuration.
FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
 Indoor antenna channel correlation
 Indoor environment produces rich multi-path;
 UE can receive various signals from antenna, wall reflection;
 The antennas with 0.5m to 1.5m lambda distance in BS is enough
to produce low channel correlation.
FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration

 Indoor antenna configuration numbers

 More distributed antennas help to produce more multi-
path and lead to lower channel correlation.
 For users located in cell-edge, more distributed
antennas help to increase SINR.
FDD-LTE Indoor Antenna Configuration
1.5m
 Indoor antenna configuration numbers
 Scenario: Big room etc
 Obvious LOS environment
 No reflector around UE
 Antenna distance 1.5m to ensure lower
correlation Big Room
Indoor Channel Correlation Testing
0.5m
 Indoor antenna configuration
numbers
 Scenario: Passage etc
 A Los path between BS and UE;
 A few reflectors around UE;
Passage
 Antenna distance 0.5m to ensure lower
correlation.
Indoor Channel Correlation Testing
 Conclusion
 Normally, Lower channel correlation in indoor environment helps to use
MIMO due to rich multi-path.
 For Big room environment, 1.5m BS antenna distance ensure lower
channel correlation.
 For passage environment, 0.5m BS antenna distance ensure lower
channel correlation.
 Antenna distance 0.5m to ensure lower correlation.