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Modelacion de Flujo em Zona No Saturada: Nilson Guiguer, Ph.D. 18 Noviembre 2017
Modelacion de Flujo em Zona No Saturada: Nilson Guiguer, Ph.D. 18 Noviembre 2017
18 Noviembre 2017
Qx Qx + Qx
Qy
Qz
h h h h
K xx K yy K zz W Ss
x x y y z z t
Equação de Fluxo de Águas Subterrâneas
• Transient 3-D groundwater flow equation (variation of
Darcy’s flux in x,y,z equal change in storage):
h h h h
K xx K yy K zz Ss
x x y y z z t
h
• If there is no change in storage (steady state flow 0
t
equation):
h h h
xx
K
K
zz
K 0
x x y y z z
yy
2
Physical Aspects of Unsaturated Flow
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Relacion de cargas con presion
𝑝
ℎ= +𝑧
𝜌𝑟𝑒𝑓 ∗ 𝑔
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V = -K dh
dx
Mathematical Description
Model is described by the Richards equation
Nonlinearity
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Application Examples
Dam seepage
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Pressure Distribution in Unsaturated Systems
capillary fringe
water table /
capillary pressure phreatic line
(p < 0; h < z) (p = 0 = patm;
h = z)
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Challenges
o Nonlinearity
o Parametric expressions
o Hysteresis
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Parametric Functions
For constitutive relationships:
S Kr
p S
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Parametric Functions
For constitutive relationships:
Empirical models:
• Van Genuchten
• Brooks&Corey
• Exponential
• Van Genuchten modified
• Haverkamp
• Linear
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Functions for K
(saturation – pressure relationships)
• Brooks-Corey
• Haverkamp
• Van Genuchten
14
Brooks-Corey Equation
Ss - (“scaled”
Se = Sr +
S
saturation)
n
r
Fitting Parameters
• residual is normalized
(Ss–Sr)
Se = S r +
+
Fitting Parameters
16
van Genuchten Equation
18
van Genuchten Modified
19
Brooks-Corey
Residual is normalized
Discontinuous at S = 1
(i.e. sand / gravel)
20
Haverkamp
21
Parametric Functions Measurements
Splines
• Very flexible
• Can strictly honor measured data
Spline model
Empirical model
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Seepage Face Boundary Condition
• Atmospheric pressure on the outside
• Outflow direction: gradient-driven outflow
• Inflow direction: no inflow
• Implementation: hydraulic-head BC + fluid-flow constraint:
Boundary condition: h = z
Fluid-flow constraint: Qmax = 0 Q=0 Seepage-face BC
p<0
(unsat. p>0
model)
p=0
Q<0
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