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Biomechanics - Gait Analysis
Biomechanics - Gait Analysis
GAIT ANALYSIS
TAKEN FROM
SHIMAA ESSA, PHYSICAL THERAPIST AT NASR CITY HEALTH
INSURANCE HOSPITAL
ZAHRINA MARDINA S.T, M.SC., INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
LIAISON INDONESIA
Circumduction
ABNORMAL GAIT PATTERNS
Steppage
SENSORS USED IN GAIT ANALYSIS
• Accelerometer : measure acceleration along its sensitive axis
• Gyroscope : angular velocity sensor
• Magnetoresistive sensor : estimate changes in the orientation
of a body
• Flexible goniometer : measure the relative rotation between
two human body segments
• Electromagnetic Tracking System
• Sensing Fabric
• Force Sensor
• Sensor for electromyography
METHODS OF GAIT ANALYSIS
• Few methods used
• Visual gait analysis
• Timing the gait cycle
• Direct motion measurement system
• Electrogoniometers
• Electromyography
• Combined kinetic/kinematic system
VISUAL GAIT CYCLE
➢Depends on the skill of observer
➢Subject should be observed from different sides to
observe gait abnormalities
➢Minimum length to be walked = ~10-12 m
➢Compare range of motion at joints during
walking with those observed on examination
plinth
➢Cameras may be used
ELECTROGONIOMETERS
➢Makes continuous measurements of the angle of a joint
➢Potentiometer devices
• Variable resistor
• Turning of central spindle
• Change in electrical resistance
• Measures joint angle
• Body is connected to one limb
• Spindle is connected to the connecting limb
TRIAXIAL GONIOMETERS ON HIP, KNEE
AND ANKLE
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
➢Measures electrical activity of contracting muscle
➢Main methods
• Surface electrodes
• Fine-wire electrodes
• Needle electrodes
➢Helps in timing muscle activation
➢But cannot measure strength of contraction
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
COMBINED KINETIC / KINEMATIC SYSTEMS
GAIT ABNORMALITIES
• Equinas : Walking on the toe
• Drop Foot :
• Antalgic :
• Trendelenburg : Hip Drop
• Short Leg : Different length of two legs
• Spina Bifida
• Cerebral Palsy