Routing & Basics

Presented by Group 1

Subject : Networks & the Internet (CNW201)

 Routing
 The process of moving a packet of data from source to destination

 Routing is usually performed by a dedicated device called a router

 Routing is a key feature of the Internet because it enables

messages to pass from one computer to another and eventually
reach the target machine

 Part of this process involves analyzing a routing table to determine

the best path.
 What is a Router
• A router is a device that interconnects two or
more computer networks, and selectively
interchanges packets of data between them.
 Routing Protocols
• A routing protocol is a protocol that specifies
how routers communicate with each other

• Set of rules defining the way router machines

find the way that packets containing
information have to follow to reach intended
destination.
 Routing Table
• A routing table is used by TCP/IP network routers to calculate the
destinations of messages it is responsible for forwarding. The table
is a small in-memory database managed by the router's built-in
hardware and software.

• Routing tables contain a list of IP addresses. Each IP address

identifies a remote router (or other network gateway) that the local
router is configured to recognize

• For each IP address, the routing table additionally stores a network

mask and other data that specifies the destination IP address ranges
that remote device will accept.
 IP ADDRESS
• An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numerical label that
is assigned to devices participating in a computer network,
that uses the Internet Protocol for communication between
its nodes.

• Two versions of the Internet Protocol (IP) are in use: IP

Version 4 and IP Version 6.

• IP addresses were originally organized into classes. The

address class determined the potential size of the network.
IP ADDRESSING
IP ADDRESS CLASSES
 MAC ADDRESS
• A Media Access Control address or MAC address is a unique code assigned to every piece of
hardware that connects to the Internet.
Eg:- Internet capable phones, Network Interface Cards for desktop or notebook computers, Wireless
Access Cards, and even some memory cards are among the devices that are assigned MAC addresses.

• When a manufacturer creates a network capable piece of hardware they will assign the MAC
address which will usually begin with a code that is tied to the manufacturer. The MAC address
will be unique to every device, even two devices of the same type.

• A device’s MAC address is composed of six pairs of hexadecimal numbers. The numbers are
separated by colons as in the following example:
6E:51:F5:c1:11:00

• MAC addresses are used at the data link layer of the OSI hardware model to allow packets to be
passed directly between devices on a network. This helps to ensure that the data is sent to a
physical device before being decoded and/or manipulated by a device
MAC ADDRESS
FINDING THE IP ADDRESS ON THE LAN
THANK YOU