Solution

 A solution is a type of mixture, called a

homogeneous mixture, that is the same
throughout
Solute
 A solute is a substance that is dissolved
to make a solution; sugar can be a
solute
Solvent
 A solvent is a substance that dissolves a
solute.
 Example – the coffee will dissolve the
sugar cubes; coffee is a solvent
Solubility
 A measure of how much of one
substance dissolves in a given amount
of another substance at a given
temperature
High Solubility
 A large amount of a substance can
dissolve in another substance it is said
that it has high solubility
 Example – ammonia (a household
chemical) is a solution of ammonia in
water; a large amount of ammonia can
dissolve in water, giving it high solubility
Low Solubility
 When small amounts of a substance will
dissolve in water
 Example – only a small amount of
carbon dioxide will dissolve in water, so
carbon dioxide has low solubility
Insoluble
 When a substance will NOT dissolve in
water
 Example – Oils do not dissolve in water,
so oils are said to be insoluble in water
Saturated Solutions
 Saturated solutions contain the
maximum amount of solute that can be
dissolved in the solvent at a given
temperature
 Solute = highly soluble, solution will be
concentrated (VERY sweet tea)
 Solute = low solubility, solution will be dilute
(watered down orange juice)
Temperature
 An increase in temperature on solid
solutes =
 Dissolve more quickly
 Greater amount can be dissolved
 An increase in temperature on gases =
 Less soluble in water
 Example – when you boil water, you can see
the tiny bubbles that rise to the surface, any
air that is dissolved in water comes out of
the solution
Temperature and Solubility
Solute Increased Decreased
Temperature Temperature
Solid Increase in Decrease in
solubility solubility
Gas Decrease in Increase in
solubility solubility