Herpes genitalis

Anja Ivaniš
J.J.Strossmayer University of Osijek
Faculty of Medicine Osijek
Course: Medical English 5
Mentor: Lorna Dubac Nemet, MA, senior
lecturer
Academic Year: 2018/2019
o causes: HSV-1, HSV-2

o HHV-2, Herpesviridae

o structure:
o double helix DNA
o nucleocapsid
o matrix
o envelope (lipids and
glycoproteins)

o tropism: mucoepithelial
cells, sensory neurons

Viral structure
o HSV-2: vaginal/anal sex and from infected mother to the child
during the childbirth/pregnancy
o HSV-1: oral sex
o skin to skin contact or through bodily fluids
o saliva
o semen
o vaginal secretions

„You don’t have to have sores to know that you’re infectious!”

Transmission
o primary infection:
epithelial cell (lytic
cycle)  sensory neuron
 spinal ganglion

o recurrent infection
o virus stays in latent
form in sacral ganglia
o triggers  outbreak

Life cycle
o asymptomatic or
outbreak
days/weeks/months/
years after
becoming infected Progression of herpes lesions

o outbreak:
o pain or itching
o lesion
development
o flu-like symptoms
o swollen lymph
nodes
o urinary difficulties early vesicles ulcers crusting healed skin
redness/swelling

Symptoms
o place where the
♂
o penis
virus entered the
o scrotum
body

o thighs
o
o
anus
mouth
♀
o vaginal area
o urethra
o cervix

Lesion location
o triggers:
o stress
o fever
o UV-light
o menstruation
o immunodeficiency

o recurrence rate: 80%

o usually appears in the
same area
o same course, but less
painful and lesions heal
more quickly

Recurrent infection
o PCR test
o sample:
vesicle content
o detects viral
genome
o sensitivity: o virus
≥98%,
specificity: isolation
100% o sample:
vesicle
content
o cultivation in
cell cultures o serology – viral
antibody detection
o seroconversion – anti-
HSV IgG
Diagnosis o anti-HSV IgM
o no cure!

o medication – antiviral therapy

o acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir
o resistance – foscarnet

o home care
o bathing/showering in warm water
o wear loose-fitting clothes
o painkillers

Treatment
o neonatal herpes

o transmission during childbirth

o ulcers on the face, body, genitals
o preferred C-section

o transmission during pregnancy

o ↑risk of blindness, brain damage, death

o prevention:
o treat outbreaks in pregnancy
o taking antiviral therapy from 36th week to ↓the risk of an outbreak
during childbirth

Genital herpes and pregnancy

o one of the most common STDs

o transmitted even with absence of lesions

o prevention

o „therapeutic” and „prophylactic” vaccine

Conclusion
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5177552/
o https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/genital-
herpes/symptoms-causes/syc-20356161
o https://www.webmd.com/genital-herpes/common-symptoms#1
o https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/genital-herpes/
o https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html
o https://www.healthline.com/health/std/genital-herpes#symptoms
o https://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/stdfact-herpes.htm
o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genital_herpes

Sources
o https://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/ddGOT5BUHnnxLqJ3V32sLNoALMw=/1501x1001/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(
150000):strip_icc()/herpes-causes-5b58d89c4cedfd004b104165.png
o https://i.pinimg.com/originals/1e/c6/2a/1ec62ac08173c2968b43dee13ca69738.gif
o http://www.ginecologiaprenatal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/virus-herpes-simple-estructura.jpg
o https://images.agoramedia.com/everydayhealth/gcms/photogallery_is_it_herpes_or_something_else_06_full.jpg?width=684
o https://i.ytimg.com/vi/y322MbwUSKg/hqdefault.jpg
o https://www.std-gov.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/mild-herpes2.jpg
o http://www.drjosephineruizhealy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Genital-Herpes.jpg
o http://catstcmnotes.com/img/Protocol%20Pics/Dermatology/herpes%20simplex%20blister%20-%20lg.jpg
o https://images.agoramedia.com/everydayhealth/gcms/photogallery_is_it_herpes_or_something_else_06_full.jpg?width=684
o https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-
SS7qxmmAaHc/W58biyVFidI/AAAAAAAA1Kc/TY36ww1uYTcdMOu4MRlUlEa9EIkSsou6QCLcBGAs/s1600/Herpes%2
Bgenitalis.jpg
o https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DaHK98K-7xw/Vk1Ndalxs3I/AAAAAAAAA4c/aja-
si2SzBo/s1600/4%2BBest%2BWays%2Bto%2BAvoid%2BGetting%2BGenital%2BHerpes.jpg
o http://www.mims.com/resources/drugs/common/CP0024.gif
o https://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/Wf-
kXLLSuh2zH3QssnLlIzMCGjQ=/768x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/herpes-treatment-
3133020_color1-5b85557ac9e77c00576df991.png
o https://www.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/topic_centers/2018-8/8393-neonatal_herpes_face_torso-1296x728-
body.jpg

Pictures