GLASS IONOMER CEMENT

• BY HEMANT CHOURHA
• UNDER GUIDENCE OF DR NEHA MAM
• A cement is a substance that hardens to act as a base , liner ,filling
material or adhesive to bind devices or prosthesis to the tooth structure
or to each other.

- philips’ science of dental materials 12th edition

• Glass ionomer is a water based cement

• ADA specification number: 96

• GIC is a generic name for material based on reaction between glass
powder and poly acrylic acid Extensive use of this cement to replace
dentin , has given it different names:

1) Dentin substitute

2) Man made dentin

3) Artificial dentin
Scientific development:
 D.C. smith in 1968 used poly acrylic acid in zinc polycarboxylate
cement
 The invention of glass ionomer cement was done in 1969.first

reported by Wilson and Kent in 1971.( ASPAI)

 Luting agent ASPA IVa in 1975

 MODE OF SUPPLY

• Powder, liquid

• Pre proportioned capsules

COMPOSITION POWDER
SiO2 –30.1%
Al2O3 –19.9%
AlF3 –2.6%
CaF2–34.5%
NaF2 –3.7%
AlPO4–10.0%
 Alumina (Al2 O3)  Calcium fluoride (Ca F2)
- Increase opacity - Increase opacity
 Silica (SiO2) - Acts as flux

- Increase Translucency Aluminium phosphates

 Fluoride: - Decrease melting temp.

- Increase translucency
- Anticariogenecity
Cryolite (Na3 Al F6)
.- Increase translucency
- Increase translucency
- Increase working time - Acts as flux
- Increase strength

Barium and other high atomic number substance also added to

increase radio opacity
 LIQUID
- POLYACRYLICACID
- 40% TO50%
- ITACONICACID

- MALEICACID Why other acids used

because polyacrylic
- TRICARBOXYLICACID acid is viscous and
short self life due to
gelation property
- TARTARICACID

- WATER

• water is an important constituent of GIC, It is the reaction medium

and helps in hydrating the matrix.

• The three acids itaconic ,maleic and tricarboxylic acid decrease

viscosity of liquid , Promote reactivity, prevent gelation of liquid.

 Powder + liquid

Acid attack Acid start dissolving glass particles

And release sodium aluminum and

dissolution In medium formed water in this phase various cations present

in water released in reaction medium apart from these there are
Various carboxylic acid chains ( poly acrylic acid )

Result in cross linking of

carboxylic acid chains

This all with time

result in a matrix
which also contain
First cross linking uncreative particles
with ca ions letter maturation is covered by silica
Replaced by sheath
aluminum ions in Once cross linking happen entire
24 hours Matrix is hydrated with water this
phase called maturation it impart
Structural stability to gel structure
 SETTING REACTION
• IT IS AN ACID BASE REACTION BETWEEN ACIDICPOLYELECTROLYTE
AND BASIC GLASS POWDER.
DECOMPOSITION ---DECOMPOSITION OF GLASS POWDER BY ACID RESULTING IN
RELEASE OF IONS.

MIGRATION ---THESE IONS MIGRATE INTO AQUEOUS MEDIUM

GELATION ---CAUSED BY MULTIVALENT ALUMINIUM AND CALCIUM IONS

DISPLACING VARIOUS SPHERES OF HYDRATION THAT INTERPOSE THEMSELVES
BETWEEN CATION-ANION ION PAIRS

POST SET HARDENING AND SLOW MATURATION ---HARDENING AND

PRECIPITATION CONTINUE FOR ABOUT 24 hrs ACCOMPANIED BY SLIGHT
EXPANSION UNDER CONDITIONS OF HIGH HUMIDITY AND DEVELOPMENTOF
TRANSLUCENCY.
STAGES OF SETTING REACTION
A.ACCORDING TO A.D. WILSON AND J.W.McLEAN IN 1988
Type I --- luting cements
Type II --- restorative cements
a.Restorative aesthetic
b.Restorative reinforced

B.ACC.TO CHARACTERISTICS SPECIFIED BY MANUFACTURER

Type I --- Luting cement eg. Fuji I, KETAC
Type II --- Restorative material eg. Ketacfil, Fuji II, fuji IX
Type III --- a.Bases & liners --weak with less acidic
b. Bases & liners --stronger but more acidic
c.Bases & liners --strong even in thin layer
 PROPERTIES

• Esthetics: According to the Skinners, there is a definite improvement in

translucency as the monomer brings the refractive index of the liquid close
to that of the glass particle.

• Fluoride release: is same as that of the conventional but the lining version
shows higher F release
• Strength: The diametrical tensile strength is much higher but compressive
strength and hardness is lesser.
 INDICATIONS
• 1. Restorative materials:

• Esthetic restorations and filling of occlusal

pits and fissures
• Restoration of deciduous teeth.
• Cervical abrasions and where ever low
strength required
 2. Fast setting lining cement and bases:

• Lining of all types of cavities where a biological seal and cariostatic

action are required

3. Luting cement:

4. Adhesive for orthodontic appliances

 CONTRAINDICATIONS

 Class IV carious lesions or fractured incisors.

 Lesions involving large areas of labial enamel where
esthetics is of major importance

 class II carious lesions where conventional

cavities are prepared.
 Replacement of existing amalgam restorations.
 Lost cusp areas.
 CLINICAL PROCEDURE FOR PLACEMENT

To ensure successful Glass Ionomer restoration following parameters

are to considered:-
1.Preparation of tooth surface

2.Proportioning & mixing

3. Protection of cement during setting

4. Finishing

5.Protection of cement after setting

 Hand dispensing

Full spoon, no excess

Tip liquid bottle to side,

then invert completely
If water / tartaric acid, only
1 drop used.
 Hand mixing

Liquid should not stay on paper pad

longer than 1minute (some of it may soak
into it)

Don’t mix beyond 30 seconds

The objective is – only wet the particle
– no dissolving it.

First half folded into liquid in 10-15seconds

Second half incorporated in 15 seconds

Small mixing area
Correct consistency for hand mixed

Type I : Luting : string up to 3-4cm from

slab

Type II : string 1cm + gloss

Type III : As lining for amalgam : 1.5:1

P/L ratio 3-4 cm string
As a base for composite : 3:1 P/L
ratio 1-1.5 cm string
 THE ROLE OF WATER

 Plays an important role in setting reacton and structure of

cement.

 Acts as reaction medium

WORKING TIME AND SETTING TIME :

• It sets rapidly in the mouth that is within 3-5 min

and hardens to form a body having translucency
that matches enamel

• Setting time for type I –GIC – 5 -7 min

• Setting time for type II–GIC --10 min

CONSISTENCY AND FILM THICKNESS:

• Film thickness should not exceed 20µm for luting

agents
• It is similar to or less than zinc phosphate cement
and is suitable for cementation.
Factors affecting setting characteristics

• Role of fluoride

• Effect of tartaric acid

Factors affecting rate of setting

• Glass composition

• Particle size

• Addition of tartaric acid

• Relative proportions of constituents

• Temperature of mixing
 GIC IN
They are used for:
ENDODONTICS
• Root end fillngs
• Root canal sealer
• Perforation repair
• Intraorifice barriers
• Temporary coronal restorations
GIC is used because of :
• Its capacity to bond which enhances seal &
reinforce the tooth
• Its good biocompatibility, which would minimize
irritation to peri radicular tissues
• Its F release ability, which imparts an antimicrobial effect
to combat root canal infection.
 ADVANTAGES
• Long Working time
• Rapid development of early strength.
• Bonding to composite is higher.
• Finishing can be done immediately.
• F release .
• Diametrical tensile strength is higher
 DRAWBACKS

• Of course some drawbacks still need to be tackled such as

– Increased shrinkage with concurrent microleakage .

– Low wear resistance as compared to composites .

− Its controversial biocompatibility.

THANK YOU ALL