Histology of Respiratory

System
 Respiratory System
• Conducting Part-responsible for
passage of air and conditioning of the
inspired air. Examples:nasal
cavities,pharynx, trachea, bronchi and
their intrapulmonary continuations.
• Respiratory Part-involved with the
exchange of oxygen and carbondioxide
between blood and inspires air.Includes
the lungs
 Nasal cavity
Nasal cavity composed of three regions( vestibule, respiratory and
olfactory regions)
 Vestibule

Anterior portion of nasal cavity near of the nares dilated and

known as the vestibule

 lined with skin and has short, stiff hairs named vibrissae that
prevent large dust particles to enter
 dermis houses numerous sebaceous glands
 Paranasal sinuses
Epithelium is respiratory similar to the epithelium of nasal cavity
Lamina propria fused with periosteum of bones and houses
seromucous gland and also lymphoid elements
 nasopharynx
• Epithelium is respiratory similar to the epithelium of nasal cavity
• Lamina propria : pharyngeal tonsil
 Larynx
• connects pharynx to trachea
• is lined by respiratory epithelium
• Laryngeal cartilages(hyaline and elastic) are located in lamina propria
• The cartilages connected to each other by ligaments and move with respect to
one another by some striated muscles

• Larynx has two folds consist of superior and inferior

 Superior vestibular folds lined by respiratory epithelium

 Inferior vocal folds lined by stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

 MEMBRANA MUKOSA LARYNX

EPIGLOTTIS

LIGAMENTUM
VOCALE

CARTILAGO
THYREOIDEA

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 MEMBRANA MUKOSA LARYNX

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 Epiglottis
is an elastic cartilage of larynx
 It is lined by stratified squamous epithelium on lingual surface
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lined the laryngeal
side
Serous and mucous glands located in lamina propria
 Trachea

is a long tube that has 3 layers:

mucosa, submucosa and adventitia

Bifurcates into 2 primary bronchi

 Trachea

• Mucosa
• Respiratory epithelium composed of 6 cell types located on a thick
basement membrane
• Goblet cells are about 30% of cells, produce mucinogen
• Ciliated columnar cells about 30% of cells, are tall which have cilia and
microvilli
• Basal cells are also about 30% of cells, they are undifferentiated stem
cells
• Brush cells are just 3% of cells, they are narrow columnar cells that their
function is unknown, but nerve ending associated with them
• Serous cells are about 3% of cells, they are columnar and have
serous granule
• DNES cells, constitute about 3-4% of cells, have numerous granule
in basal cytoplasm which is contain various pharmacological agents
Lamina propria
composed of loose fibroelastic CT, contain seromucous glands and
lyphoid elements, elastic lamina separate this layer from
submucosa

Submucosa
Subnucosa is composed of dense irregular fibroelastic CT that
houses mucous and seromucous glands, rich in blood and lymph
supply

Adventitia
Adventitia is a fibroelastic CT that houses C-shaped hyaline cartilage,
at posterior aspect of cartilage, there is a dense band of smooth
muscle cells known as trachealis muscle
TRACHEA