VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE

• Components
• P-h Diagram
• Coefficient of Performance
Group Members
■ Muhammad Gulraiz 2013-ME-155
■ Muhammad Shehzad 2013-ME-156
■ Usama bin Khalid 2013-ME-157
■ Syed M. Farhan 2013-ME-170
■ M. Mohsin Khalid 2013-ME-171
■ M. Sajjad Hussain 2013-ME-186
Why is it called VCC
■ Suggestion by its name
■ Improved form of air refrigeration system
■ It is a modified reversed Carnot cycle
■ The conversion of low pressure vapour refrigerant from
evaporator to high pressure vapour refrigerant in
compressor
Components of VCC
Four Basic Components:
1. Compressor
2. Condenser
3. Expansion Valve
4. Evaporator
Compressor
■ Used to compress the Vapour refrigerant.
■ Increase in its pressure and temperature to get
temperature gradient after condenser.
■ Type of compressor used in VCC:
– Reciprocating Compressor
Condenser
■ Acts like a heat exchanger.
■ High pressure vapour refrigerant gives its heat to
surrounding condensing medium (air or water)
■ High pressure liquid at end of condenser
Expansion Valve

■ A device in which highly pressurized liquid expands

suddenly so that it is converted into low pressure and
temperature refrigerant.
■ Also known as “Throttling Valve”.
■ Enthalpy remains constant?
■ We can also use Turbine or Expansion Cylinder But?
Evaporator
■ A device in which refrigerant is totally converted into
vapour phase.
■ It causes Refrigeration Effect or Refrigeration Duty.
■ How it works?
■ How can we increase the Refrigeration Effect?
Modifications in VCC
We need modification in VCC because
■ To Reduce the Size of the Evaporator
■ To ensure the Dry Compression in Compressor
■ To make it economical
Introduction of Flash Chamber in VCC
■ The liquid refrigerant is converted into vapours as it passes through the
expansion valve and this ‘partial evaporation’ is called ‘Flash’
■ The mixed vapour and refrigerant enters into the Flash chamber
■ In Flash chamber vapours and refrigerant are separated, refrigerant enters
into Evaporator and vapours are directed to the compressor
■ So the mass of refrigerant entering into the evaporator reduces which results
in the reduction of the size of the evaporator
Heat Exchanger
Types
■ Direct contact
■ Indirect contact
Heat exchangers types w.r.t flow
■ Parallel flow
■ Cross flow
■ Counter flow
Reason for use in VCC
■ To increase the refrigeration effect
Disadvantage
■ Work input
■ COP
Ideal p-h Diagram of VCC

Modified Reversed Carnot Cycle:

■ 1-2 Isentropic Compression
■ 2-3 Constant Pressure heat rejection
■ 3-4 Constant Enthalpy expansion
■ 4-1 Constant Pressure heat addition
Under-Cooling and Super-heating in VCC

■ Sub-cooling in Condenser:
– Increase of COP
■ Super-heated state after Evaporator:
– Increase of Work Input
– Compressor safety ensured
Coefficient of Performance (COP) of VCC

■ COP stands for Coefficient Of Performance

■ COP is a parameter which is used to give the efficiency of a refrigerator or heat
pump
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡
■ 𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟
Important Points:

■ For a given system;

■ COPHP > COPR
■ COPHP > 1
■ COPR can be either less than 1 or greater than 1

■ Combining both the equations of COP of heat pump and COP of a refrigerator, we get

COPHP = COPR + 1
for fixed values of QH and QL
THANK YOU