Energy Meter

Theory of induction type metes

Eddy currents are currents induced in conductors to oppose the change in flux
that generated them.

It is caused when a conductor is exposed to a changing magnetic field due to

relative motion of the field source and conductor; or due to variations of
the field with time.

This can cause a circulating flow of electrons, or a current, within the body of
the conductor. These circulating eddies of current create induced magnetic
fields that oppose the change of the original magnetic field due to Lenz's
law, causing repulsive or drag forces between the conductor and the
magnet.

The stronger the applied magnetic field, or the greater the electrical
conductivity of the conductor, or the faster the field that the conductor is
exposed to changes, then the greater the currents that are developed and the
greater the opposing field.
 Energy Meter
Energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy
supplied to a residence or business. Also known as a (kilo) watt-hour
meter.

Working principle

When alternating current flows through two suitably located coils

produces rotating magnetic field which is cut by the metallic disc
suspended near to the coils.

An emf is induced in the disc which circulates eddy currents in it.

These eddy currents induced in the moving system interact with

magnetic fields set up by the two coils to produce driving torque.

Net driving torque causes the disc to rotate.

Construction of induction type energy meter

1. Driving System
2. Moving System
3. Braking System
4. Registering System
 Construction of energy meter…..
1.Driving System
Two electromagnets and the core made of silicon steel laminations.

(a) Shunt magnet:

Pressure Coil.:-
Coil of one electromagnet is connected across the supply and it
carries current proportional to supply voltage .

Coil is made of thin wire having large number of turns.

Shunt magnet is placed above the aluminium disc.

Centre limb is provided with copper shading bonds( to get 90

degree phase difference between pressure coil current and
voltage)
 Construction of energy meter…..

(b) Series Magnet:

Current Coil
The other coil is excited by load current
.
Coil has few turns of thick wire.

Series magnet is placed below the aluminium disc.

2.Moving System
Light aluminium disc mounted in a light alloy shaft is the main part of moving
system.

This disc is positioned in between series and shunt magnets.

Supported by jewel bearings

 Construction of energy meter…..

3.Braking System
Permanent magnet is placed near the aluminium disc for breaking
mechanism.
The position of this magnet is adjustable and hence breaking torque is
adjusted.
This magnet is called as Braking magnet.
Tb α N (disc speed)
Inward movement- Tb ↓N↑
Outward movement- Tb ↑N ↓
 Construction of energy meter…..

4.Registering Mechanism
Records continuously a number which isproportional to revolutions made
by aluminium disc.
No of revolutions of the disc is a measure of electrical energy passing
through the meter.
 Adjustment Devices

1.Lag Adjustment devices.

2.Light Load Compensation.
3.Creeping Adjustment.
4.Overload Adjustment.
Lag Adjustment devices.
Light Load Compensation.
 Creeping Adjustment.
Slow but continuous rotation is obtained even when there is no current
flowing through the current coil and only pressure coil is energized.
Occurs
• Due to over compensation for friction
• Due to excessive voltage across the potential coil
• Due to vibrations
• Due to stray magnetic fields