UNDERGROUND CABLE FAULT DETECTION

USING IOT

Presented by
N HEMA CHANDRA GUPTA (U15EC097)
B KARTHIK GOUD (U15EC104)
P SAI VINEETH (U15EC106)
R NITIN (U15EC131)
Introduction
• The objective of this project is to determine the distance of
underground cable fault from base station in kilometers using an
Arduino board.

• Many time faults occur due to construction works and other reasons.

• Cables have some resistance. We are mainly focusing that resistance.

Resistance can vary with respect to the length of the cable.
• If the length of the cable fault increases, the value of the resistance will also
increase.
• If any deviation occurs in the resistance value, we will call that is fault point
and finding that place through Arduino technology.
• That fault point represents the standard of distance (kilometre) from the base
station. This value displayed by display unit.
• Before attempting to locate underground cable faults on cable, it is necessary
to know where the cable is located and what route it takes. If the fault is on
secondary cable, knowing the exact route is even more critical.
• Since it is extremely difficult to find a cable fault without knowing where the
cable is, it makes sense to master cable locating and tracing and to do a cable
trace before beginning the fault locating process.

• Success in locating or tracing the route of electrical cable and metal pipe
depends upon knowledge, skill, and perhaps, most of all, experience.

• Although locating can be a complex job, it will very likely become even more
complex as more and more underground plant is installed. It is just as
important to understand how the equipment works as it is to be thoroughly
familiar with the exact equipment being used.
APPLICATIONS
• It is basically use for underground wire fault detection.
• Used to locate the fault location.
• Industrial Applications.
Components used:
• Aurdino with ATmega328p microcontroller.
• Relay Driver.
• Relay.
• Liquid Crystal Display(LCD).
• Power supply.
• Resistances and switches.
Aurdino:
• Microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P.
• 14 digital input/output pins.
• 6 analog inputs.
• 16 MHz quartz crystal.
• A USB connection, a power jack, and a
reset button.
• High Performance.
Relay Driver
• Mainly suited for interfacing between
low-level circuits and multiple
peripheral power loads.
• A Darlington pair is two transistors that
act as a single transistor but with a
much higher current gain.
• The Relay driver functions as an
inverter.
• If the logic at input 1B is high then the
output at its corresponding pin 1C will
be low.
Relay
• Current flowing through the coil of the
relay creates a magnetic field which
attracts a lever and changes the switch
contacts.

• The coil current can be on or off so

relays have two switch positions and
have double throw (changeover)
switch contacts as shown in the
diagram.
LCD
• Most common LCDs connected to the
microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2
displays.

• This means 16 characters per line by 2

lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines,
respectively.

• R/W=Read/Write . When RW=0; the data

written to the LCD & When RW=0; the
data reading to the LCD.
Power supply
Block Diagram
Working :
• The project uses a set of resistances in series i.e. R10,R11,R12,R13 and
R14,R15,R16,R17, & R18,R19,R20,R21, as shown in the circuit diagram, one set for
each phase.
• • Each series resistors represents the resistance of the underground cable for a
specific distance thus 4 such resistances in series represent 1-4kms.
• • 3 relays are used to common point of their contacts are grounded while the NO
points are connected to the input of the R10, R14 & R18 being the 3 phase cable
input.
• • Fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known KM to cross check the
accuracy of the same.
• • The fault occurring at a particular distance and the respective phase is displayed
on a LCD interfaced to the Arduino board.
Circuit Simulation:
Code Algorithm
Future scope
• Can integrate with Wi-Fi Module or GSM Module.
• Open circuit distance can be calculated by using fault capacitor.
• Used in neural network structure for fault selection and location
estimation.