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L04B - Sampling, Quantization, and Coding
L04B - Sampling, Quantization, and Coding
THREE-STEP PROCESS
SAMPLING
QUANTIZATION
CODING
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Sampling
Consider an analogue signal x(t) that can be viewed as a continuous function
of time, as shown below.
We can represent this signal as a discrete time signal by using values of x(t)
at intervals of nTs to form x[n] as shown. We are "grabbing" points from
the function x(t) at regular intervals of time, Ts , called the sampling
period.
fs ≥ 2Fmax
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ALIASING
Aliasing due to unwanted, spurious out-of-band signals is a problem
in many applications that use A/D converters.
•These signals, if not filtered properly, can seriously impact the
performance of a data conversion system.
•If a signal is sampled at a sampling rate smaller than twice the
folding frequency, false lower frequency component(s)
appears in the sampled data. This phenomenon is called
Aliasing.
•Hence if the signal is not sampled often enough, information is
irretrievably lost.
•The signal must be sampled at a rate greater than twice the
highest frequency component of interest; otherwise, the high-
frequency content will alias at a frequency inside the spectrum
of interest (passband).
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