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Bab 5 Pressure Design of Pipeline & Components Print
Bab 5 Pressure Design of Pipeline & Components Print
Pressure Design of
Pipeline & Components
Content
› Allowable Stress
› Ketebalan pipa
› Ketebalan pipe bend dan elbow
› Pressure maximum miter bend
› Luas area reinforcement branch
Pressure
Sistem perpipaan umumnya
mendapat beban tekanan
internal dari fluida yang
dialirkan.
Pressure Terms
OP
MOP
MAOP
DP
IP - MAIP
TP
MTP
Straight Pipe
Dalam pipa lurus terdapat :
• Diameter luar sesuai standard pipe size (NPS)-
nya.
• Ketebalan pipa sesuai standard schedule-nya.
• Diameter dalam.
ASME B31.8
tm = PD
t = nominal wall thickness, in
D = nominal outside diameter pipe, in
2SFET E = longitudinal joint factor
F = design factor
P = design pressure, psig
S = specified minimum yield strength, psi
T = temperature derating factor
treq = tm + A A = allowance
(1 - MT)
8
Location Classes for Design
and Construction
•Location Class 1
1-mile section that has 10 or fewer building intended for human occupancy
Class 1, Division 1 : 0.72 < design factor 0.80,
Class 1, Division 2 : design factor 0.72
•Location Class 2
1-mile section that has more than 10 but fewer than 46 building intended for
human occupancy
•Location Class 3
1-mile section that has 46 or more building intended for human occupancy
except when a location class 4 prevails
•Location Class 4
Includes areas where multistory buildings are prevalent. Where traffic is heavy or
dense, and where there may be numerous other utilities underground.
9
•Specified Minimum Yield Strength (S)
10
Ketebalan Pipa
PD
tm =
2SFET
Tebal required
treq = tm + A
(1 - MT)
Tebal selected Lihat Tabel NPS 8, cari Schedule dengan t > treq
Combination
Collapse Propagation Buckle
Loading
Buckle
Arrestor
Selesai
Based on Collapse
• Kriteria Collapse :
( Pe Pi ) Pc .Fc
dengan :
Pel .Py where :
Pc collapse pressure Fc = collapse factor of safety
Pel Py Pe = external pressure
2 2
Pi = internal pressure
3
2.E t E = Modulus elastic Young
Pel 2 elastic collapse pressure v = Poisson ratio
1 D t = Wall thickness
t D = Outside diameter
Py 2S plastic collapse pressure S = SMYS
D
Based on Combination Load
dengan :
Dmax Dmin
ε = applied bending strain
Dmax Dmin
2 2 εB = t/2D = allowable bending strain
Fb = bending strain safety factor
Fb = 2 for installation
t
b Fb = 1 for operation
g(δ)= (1+20δ)-1 = ovality factor
2D
Based on Buckle Propagation
• Kriteria propagation :
Pe Pi f p .Ppr
dengan : 2, 4 where :
t nom
Ppr 24S fp = buckle propagation design factor (0,8)
D Pe = external pressure
Pi = internal pressure
Contoh Soal
Contoh Soal :
• Pipa bawah laut NPS 12” API 5L Grade X65 di kedalaman 3280 ft (1000 m)
mengalirkan fluida minyak dengan data sebagai berikut:
Parameter Value
tnom 0,68in
Reducer
• Reducer berfungsi untuk menyambungkan dua pipa yang berbeda
diameternya. Terdapat dua jenis reducer :
• Concentric Reducers
Desainnya berdasarkan standar komponen untuk spesifikasinya.
• Eccentric Reducers
Desainnya berdasarkan standar komponen untuk spesifikasinya.
Pipe Bend Thickness
Pipe Bend t = tebal minimum pipe bend, in
P = design pressure, psig
• Pipe bends terbuat dari pipa lurus yang dibengkokkan. D = diameter luar pipa, in
Minimum wall thickness untuk pipe bend : E = faktor kualitas
Sh = allowable stress (hot), psi
t = P.D Y = koefisien sifat material
R1 = bend radius
2 [(S.E.W/I) + P.Y] W = weld strength reduction factor
- Extrados
(bend radius bagian luar)
Contoh Soal
Contoh Soal 2 :
Pipe bend dengan diameter luar 8,625 in dibuat dari Material A 515 Gr.65 dengan :
Design Pressure = 600 psig; Design Temperatur = 300 F; Allowance (c) =0.1 inch
Radius bend 3D ; Weld Quality (E)= 1,0;
Hitunglah tebal minimum intrados pipe bend!
t = P.D
2 [(S.E.W/I) + P.Y]
Miter Bend
Miter Bend
• Miter Bend adalah pipa belok yang terbuat dari potongan-potongan pipa lurus.
r2 = jari-jari rata-rata pipa
R1 = jari-jari efektif/radius miter bend,
T = Tebal dinding pipa miter
= sudut potong miter ( < 22,5)
= sudut perubahan arah miter = 2
c = mechanical+corrosion/erosion allowances
W = weld strength reduction factor
E = faktor kualitas
S = allowable stress (hot), psi
Blind Flange
Ketebalan blind flange yang tidak terdaftar standard dapat dihitung
dengan :
tm = t + c
Slip-On Flange
tm = dg . (3P/16SE)1/2 + c
Percabangan Pipa
Percabangan pipa terdiri dari pipa utama dan pipa cabang, yang
diameternya pada umumnya lebih kecil daripada diameter pipa utama.
th/b = P.D
2 (S.E + P.Y)
L4 = (Th – c) or 2,5.(Th – c) + Tr
Reinforcement of
Extruded Outlet Headers
Thank You