Fitokimia I

Dr. Hasnaeni, S.Si., M.Sc., Apt

Pokok Bahasan
• Fitokimia dan Ruang Lingkupnya
• Pengertian Fitokimia
Ruang lingkup Fitokimia
• Aneka ragam senyawa organik yang dibentuk dan
ditimbn oleh tumbuhan, yaitu mengenai :
- Struktur kimia, biosintesisnya, perubahan serta
metabolismenya, penyebarannya secara alamiah da n
fungsi biologinya.
Pengertian Fitokimia
• Fitokimia adalah cabang ilmu pengetahuan
alam yang membahas mengenai kandungan
kimia bahan alam.
• Di pelajari cara mengekstraksi, mengisolasi
dan mengidentifikasi kandungan kimia bahan
alam.
• Cell of organisms-plant, fungi, bacteria,
lichens, insects, animals-produce a large
variety of organic compounds.
• Many substances were obtained anciently,
e.g. foodstuffs, building materials, dyes,
medicinals, and other extracts from nature.
Contoh senyawa dari bahan alam
Ephedrin dari Ephedra sinica Cinnamaldehide
• Plants are particularly interesting because :
• They have broadest spectrum of biosyntetic
capability, and produce a wide variety of
compounds
• They are simple starting materials water,
carbon dioxide, nitrogen (elemental and in
salt), phosporus compounds and salts
• Their biosyntetic paths are known
General isolation strategy of natural products
Ground plant

• Solvent extraction

Crude plant extract

• Fractination

Simplified extract

• Chromatography

Crude compounds
• Puurification
Pure compound

Structure determinatio n