TIME SYSTEM

(Local)

ASHRAF ABDULLAH
Department Surveying Science and Geomatic
Faculty Architecture, Planning and Surveying
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis
Overview
• Relationship between Longitude and
Time
• Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
• Local Apparent Time (LAT)
• Local Mean Time (LMT)
• Local Standard Time (L Std T)
• Conversion LMT to L Std Time and
Vice Versa
• Local Sidereal Time (LST)
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LONGITUDE
AND TIME
• Earth completely rotate (360o) is equal to
one solar day (24 h)
• Longitude of the earth range from 0o -
360o.
• 1h = 360o /24h = 15o of longitude.
• This statement applies equally to the
sidereal day and the vernal equinox.
 CONVERSION FROM LONGITUDE TO
TIME AND VICE VERSA

TIME LONGITUDE ARC LONGITUDE

24 h 360o 360o 24 h
1h 15o 1o 4m
1m 15’ 1’ 4s
1s 15” 1” 0.067s
GREENWICH MEAN TIME
(GMT)/
• The basis or origin of longitude
measurement.
• It is mean solar time measured with
reference to the 0°meridian of longitude.
• Located at Greenwich, England.
• GMT is of prime importance to you
because much of the time referenced in
almanacs relates to GMT.
LOCAL APPARENT TIME (LAT)

• Apparent solar time measured with

reference to your meridian

LOCAL MEAN TIME (LMT)

• Mean solar time measured with

reference to your meridian
LOCAL MEAN TIME (LMT)

• If Longitude of the meridian standard is East:

LMT = GMT + λE

• If Longitude of the meridian standard is West:

LMT = GMT + λw

Note:
λ in unit time
LOCAL STANDARD TIME (L Std T)
• Sun not Rising and Setting at different
places on the same time.
• Different place , Different LMT
• To Avoid confusing in measuring time,
Standard Time Zone have been
established.
• Local mean time along each
Standard Time Meridian is called
L Std T
LOCAL STANDARD TIME (L Std T)
• Different between one time zone and
another time zone is 1 hours
• 1 hours time zone is equal to 15o
Longitude
MALAYSIA STANDARD TIME
(M Std T)
• Meridian standard for Malaysia is 120o
East.
• Equal to 8 hours East

M Std T = UT + 8h
CONVERSION LMT TO L Std T
AND VICE VERSA
• To convert LMT to L Std T or Vice versa
find the different longitude between
Standard Meridian and Local Meridian.
• Plus or Minus the differences with the
Standard Meridian.
SOLVED PROBLEM
L Std T of the place at the longitude 112o 17’
East is 4h 28m 11s p.m. What is LMT at that
time if Meridian standard is 120o East?

Standard Meridian 120o 00’ 8h

Local Meridian 112o 17’ 7h 29m 08s
Diff ( ∆ λ ) 7o 43’ 0h 30m 52s
LMT = L Std T - ( ∆ λ )
= 4h 28m 11s – 0h 30m 52s
= 3h 57m 19s/ 4 jam 51 m 3 saat
 QUIZ
LMT of the place at longitude 730
58’ W is 10h 17m 18s. Find the
L Std T at that time if the
Meridian Standard is 75o W?