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From Plants To Energy:: Efficient Lignin Degradation
From Plants To Energy:: Efficient Lignin Degradation
Efficient
Lignin
Degradation
Margarette Francis, Maham Hijazi, Reeda Mahmood,
BIOFUELS Riza Unabia & Manaum Zain
1
FOSSIL FUELS: USAGE AND CONCERNS
2
ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS…
Biofuels Ethanol
Increasingly common option in agricultural and forestry industry in
Canada
DISADVANTAGE presence of lignin
Genomics to overcome this problem
An exemplary model SOYBEAN
3
WHY SOYBEAN?
4
ETHANOL AS AN ENERGY SOURCE…
5
WHY IS LIGNIN A BARRIER?
Reinprecht, Y., Yadegari, Z., Perry, G., Siddiqua, M., Wright, L., Mcclean, P., & Pauls, K. (2013). In silico comparison of genomic regions containing genes coding for enzymes and transcription factors for the phenylpropanoid pathway in
Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Glycine max L. Merr. Frontiers in Plant Science. Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2013.00317/full 8
A CLOSER LOOK….
Finger nucleases
RNA interference
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases
Expensive and time-consuming
10
CLUSTERED REGULARLY INTERSPACED
SHORT PALINDROMIC REPEATS (CRISPRS)
AND CRISPR-ASSOCIATED (CAS)
PROTEINS
CRISPR/CAS9 SYSTEM
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WHAT IS IT?
Horizon Licenses Harvard University Gene-Editing Technology. (2013). Drug Discovery & Development . 12
TO INITIATE GENE MODIFICATION,
sgRNA
(single guide RNA)
Cas9 complex
Cas9 nuclease
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Protospacer
Adjacent Motif
(PAM) Target Sequence
Gene of Interest
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Non-Homologous End
Joining (NHEJ) DNA
repair pathway
Stop Codon
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SUMMATION: CRISPR/CAS SYSTEM
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WHAT MAKES A GOOD BIOFUEL?
17
ABUNDANCE IN CANADA - ONTARIO
18
ENERGY ALLOCATIONS
20
WHY IS IT GOOD FOR CANADA?
Cost-effective
Eco-friendly
Sustainable
Renewable
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