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 Ovarian cancer is the uncontrolled growth
of abnormal cells in the ovaries. Ovaries are
the female reproductive organs that
produce eggs. They also make the hormone
estrogen. Ovarian cancer cells can form in
three areas:

 on an ovary’s surface
 in an ovary’s egg-producing cells
 in tissues within an ovary.
 Types of
ovarian tumors :
Epithelial
Ovarian
Carcinoma
(EOC)
Germ Cell
Tumors
Stromal
Tumors
 The exact cause of ovarian cancer is
unknown. Cancer occurs when cells grow abnormally
and out of control, instead of dividing in an orderly
manner.
Researchers have identified several risk factors
that appear to be associated with ovarian cancer :

1. Age
2. Genetic (DNA)
3. Women that never had pregnant
4. Gave birth at older ages
5. Smoking
 Ovarian cancer usually doesn’t cause
symptoms until it has spread. Even then, the
symptoms can be mistaken as signs of
another disorder. Symptoms of ovarian
cancer include:
 abdominal discomfort and pain, especially
in the lower part of the abdomen
 bloating
 urinating often
 sudden weight gain or loss
 abnormal vaginal bleeding
 Check with your doctor if you notice
any of these symptoms:
 abdominal discomfort or pain that
doesn’t go away or gets worse
 bloating
 unexplained nausea or diarrhea that
doesn’t go away or gets worse
 frequent urination
 sudden weight gain or loss
 abnormal vaginal bleeding.
 Ovarian cancer is usually treated with
surgery. In most cases, the surgeon removes the
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and cervix. She or
he may also remove the thin tissue covering the
stomach and intestines, as well as nearby lymph
nodes.
After surgery, chemotherapy may be needed
to kill any remaining cancer cells. It may be
infused directly into the abdomen to try to kill
any cancer cells on the lining of the abdomen.
Chemotherapy can also be taken by mouth or
injected into a vein. Radiation therapy is used
less often.
 Chemotherapy and radiation therapy kill
cancer cells, but they also affect healthy cells.
This causes side effects. Side effects depend on
the type of treatment and how long it lasts. Side
effects may include:
 anemia (a low red blood cell count)
 infection because of a low white blood cell
count)
 easy bruising and problems with blood clotting
because of a low platelet count
 nausea and vomiting
 hair loss
 diarrhea.
 Screening test (genetical counselling)

 Stopping ovulation and the contraceptive

pill

 Diet and lifestyle

 Be active.