What is Diabetes and Closed

Loop Control?
Siti A’isyah binti Mohd A’sri
00000025475
Jill C. and Harry S. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Twenty-Fifth Edition. Elsevier Inc; 2016.
What is Diabetes
Age at onset
Family history/genetic factors Genetic risk defined, but most cases are
Environmental triggers
Requirement for insulin
therapy
Frequency among people
with diabetes
Associated disorders
TYPE 1 (JUVENILE-ONSET OR INSULIN- TYPE 2 (ADULT-ONSET OR NON–
DEPENDENT DIABETES) INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES)
Childhood or early adulthood, but can be Middle age or older, but can be
manifested at any age manifested in obese children and
adolescents
Strong genetic component, polygenic in
sporadic most cases
Largely unknown Obesity, sedentary lifestyle
Universal Variable
5-10% ~90%
Autoimmunity, especially thyroid, other Hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic
endocrine disorders syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome
Bruce B, Trang L.. Closed-loop control in type 1 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2016 March; 4(3):191-
193.
What is Closed Loop Control?
• Closed loop control is artificial pancreas that allows automated
glucose control and has the potential to decrease the burden of
diabetes care as well as reduce both the short-term and long-term
complications of diabetes.
• Closed-loop systems require three components: a continuous glucose
sensor, an algorithm to determine the amount of insulin or other
hormones to be infused, and infusion pumps to deliver hormones
such as insulin and glucagon.