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Keracunan Makanan - Dr. Sigit
Keracunan Makanan - Dr. Sigit
Makanan
SIGIT WIDYATMOKO
Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Gastrointestinal Decontamination
If more than 60 minutes has passed, induced
emesis and gastric lavage are relatively
ineffective
Emesis
Using syrup of ipecac is a convenient and fairly
effective way to evacuate gastric contents if given
very soon after ingestion
Indications: in conscious, cooperative patients and for
promptness
Contraindications: drowsy, unconscious, or
convulsing patients, and who have ingested kerosene
or other hydrocarbon, corrosive poisons, or rapidly
acting convulsants
Gastric Lavage
More effective for liquid poisons or small pill
fragments than for intact tablets
Most effective when started within 60 minutes after
ingestion
Indications: removal or ingested poisons when
emesis is refused
Contraindications: stuporous patients or comatose
Activated Charcoal
Effectively adsorbs almost all drugs and poisons
Indications: used for prompt adsorption of drugs or
toxins in the stomach and intestine. As effective as or
more effective than ipecac or gastric lavage
Contraindications: stuporous, comatose, or
convulsing
technique: 60-100 g orally or via gastric tube
Catharsis
used by some toxicologist for stimulation of
peristalsis to hasten the elimination of unabsorbed
drugs and poisons and the activated charcoal slurry
Technique: magnesium sulfate 10% 2-3 ml/kg; or
sorbitol 70% 1-2ml/kg.
Definisi Keracunan Makanan
Sindroma yang ditandai dengan gejala
mual, muntah, diare, sampai dengan
dehidrasi syok setelah makan dan minum
Terjadi akibat makan makanan yang
tercemar kuman atau toksin
Kuman biasanya stafilokokkus dan E Coli
Dapat terjadi pada 1 orang maupun KLB
Tidak Termasuk Dalam Kelompok ini
Anamnesis
Pemeriksaan fisik: derajat dehidrasi
Laboratorium: elektrolit, ureum creat
Dugaan etiologi:
Cepat (1/2 sd 6 jam): zat kimia
6-12 jam: racun
12-48 jam: kuman
Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
Terjadi akibat makanan basi , terkontaminasi
toksin yang diproduksi stafilokokkus,
menimbulkan diare dan muntah
Kuman membuat toksin, jadi bukan karena
kumannya
Makanan yang mudah terkena: susu, puding,
ikan
Klinis: onset 2-8 jam, mual, muntah, abdominal
cramping, diare, sakit kepala
Menghilang sendiri < 12 jam
Terapi
Gambaran klinik:
Pernapasan cepat, hipotensi, konvulsi, koma
Keracunan akut dalam dosis tinggi:
kesadaran menurun hipotensi koma
mati dalam 4 jam
Pemeriksaan PA
Tidak khas, pada otopsi bau blitter almond
Terapi