GROUP DYNAMICS

PRESENTED BY:
VARUNA
NEHA
MEGHA
SHIVANGI
 What is a group?
• Two or more individuals interacting who have
come together to achieve a particular goal.
• Two or more interacting individuals with a
stable pattern of relationship between them
who perceive themselves as a group.
If a group exists the members:

• Motivate to join.

• Perceive the group as a unified unit of interacting

people.

• Contribute in various degrees.

• Have agreements and disagreements, but finally

a common outcome.
What is group dynamics?
• It is a perspective of:
• Internal nature of a group/ composition.
• How it is formed.
• Its structure and processes.
• How does it function.
• How does it affect individual members.
• How does it affect organisation.
 Reasons for joining groups
1. security: group reduces insecurity and standing alone syndrome.
 2. Status : recognition and status same as
that of group
•
3. Self-Esteem: Self importance
4.Affiliation: Fulfills need of affection
5. Power: There is power in number
6. Goal achievement: pool of talent, skills and
knowledege
 THEORIES
• Based on spatial/geographical proximity.

• Balance theory
Individual X individual Y

Individual Z
• Exchange theory( cost & reward)
STAGES OF GROUP FORMATION
STAGE -I
FORMING: CONFUSION- not certain
about purpose, task and leadership.
• STAGE II
STORMING:
conflict and confrontation(disagreements).
 STAGE III
NORMING: settling down, coop, collaboration
 STAGE IV
PERFORMING: group fully functional, devoted to
task at hand.
STAGE V
ADJOURNING: end of group/ new modified
group

happy
sad

depressed
 TYPES OF GROUPS
• FORMAL & INFORMAL GROUPS

Formal Informal
 Command & Task groups

Interest & Friendship groups

coalitions
FACTORS AFFECTING GROUP PERFORMANCE

• COMPOSITION

• SIZE

• NORMS

• COHESIVENESS
 COMPOSITION
• Heterogeneous group with diverse abilities and
information more effective.
• Effective outcome with heterogeneous group in terms of
gender, personality, opinions, skills and perspective.
• More conflict laden and less expedient- more deliberate.
• Cultural diversity useful when diversity of view points are
required.
• However, culturally diverse group have difficulty in
learning.
Contd..
Common demographic attributes like age, sex,
race, education level strength of service in
organisation result in better outcome.
Composition of a group acts as a predictor of
turn over.
Groups which have cohorts( persons with
common attributes) are likely to perform
better.
 SIZE
• Does the size of a group affect the group’s overall
behaviour? YES
• For completion of a particular task
( something productive)- smaller group but for
problem solving a larger group more effective.
• Social loafing effect more people individual effort
less.
• Individual becomes a free rider.
• Preferable to have odd number.
 NORMS
What do they mean?
• All groups have norms.
• These are acceptable standards of behaviour that are shared
by group members.
• These define what ought/ought not to be done by members.
• When accepted and agreed upon by members these act as
behaviour influencing parameters for conduct without
outside control.
• Norms differ group to group.
• These could be formally or informally laid down.
 Common classes of norms
• Performance norms: laid down parameters as to how
hard a person is required to work, what production level
to achieve and so on.
• Appearance norms: dress, seeming to look for a new job
etc.
• Arrangement norms: basically applicable to informal
groups. These laid down degree of social interaction. In
essence participative social activities.
• Allocation of resources norms: these could include pay,
bonus, tools equipment, assignment of difficult jobs etc.
 HOW’S & WHY’S OF NORMS
HOW
Norms normally develop in one or more ways:
• Explicit statement by manager: no personal calls
during working hours.
• Critical events in group’s history: monitoring each
other, eg: accident.
• Primacy: the first behaviour pattern that emerges
sets the norms. My seat, my friend etc.
• Carry over behaviour: what one followed.
WHY
 It facilitate group survival- as group they don’t
want to fail and forbid interference from other
groups.
 It increases the predictability of group
members predictability of behaviour.
 It reduces embarrassing inter personal
problems of group members.
 It allows group members to express the
central values of the group and clarify.
Any questions?
Thank you