12.

6 Motion of a Projectile (pg38)

What is a projectile?
Free Body Diagram of a
projectile:
A projectile is any object
that once projected or
dropped continues in
Fgravity
motion by its own inertia
and is influenced only by
the downward force of
gravity.

Extracted from : https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-2/What-is-a-Projectile

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Introduction to Projectile Motion
https://youtu.be/GiiWsXtt5GE

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12.6 Motion of a Projectile (pg38)
• Free-flight motion
studied in terms of
rectangular components
since projectile’s
acceleration always act
vertically
• Consider projectile
launched at (x0, y0)
• Path defined in the x-y
plane
• Air resistance neglected
• Only force acting on the
projectile is its weight,
resulting in constant
downwards acceleration
• ac = g = 9.81 m/s2

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 Motion of a Projectile

Horizontal Motion Since ax = 0,

  

  v  v0  act; vx  (v0 ) x
1 2
  

  x  x0  v0t  act ; x  x0  (v0 ) x t or
2
x  (v0 ) x t if coordinate
system coincides with
starting point
Horizontal component of velocity remain constant
during the motion
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 vx  (v0 ) x

vx  (v0 ) x vx  (v0 ) x

vx  (v0 ) x

vx  (v0 ) x

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 Motion of a Projectile

Vertical. Positive y axis is directed upward, then ay = - g

  v  v0  act ; v y  (v0 ) y  gt
1 2 1 2
  y  y0  v0t  ac t ; y  y0  (v0 ) y t  gt or
2 2
1 2
 (v0 ) y t  gt ( why ??)
2
  v 2  v02  2ac ( y  y0 ); v y  (v0 ) 2y  2 g ( y  y0 ) or
2

 (v0 ) 2y  2 gy ( why ??)

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 v y  (v0 ) y  gt
v y  (v0 ) y  gt

v y  (v0 ) y  gt
v y  (v0 ) y  gt

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Motion of a Projectile
In summary :

Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion

• Velocity in the horizontal or
x directions is constant
• (vx) = (vo)x
• x = xo + (vo)x t
• Only two of the following three
equations should be used:
v y  (v0 ) y  gt
y  y0  (v0 ) y t 
1 2
gt
2
v y2  (v0 ) 2y  2 g ( y  y0 )
The last equation is derived from first
2 equation by eliminating time t.

At most 3 unknowns can be solved since only 3 independent

equations can be written:
- One on the horizontal direction
- Two in the vertical direction

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 Projectile Motion: Procedure for problem solving
• Establish the x, y coordinate axes, sketch the trajectory
• Specify the problem data and identify the 3 unknowns
• Initial and final velocities represented by x and y components
Coordinate • Apply positive and negative position, velocity and acceleration in
System accordance to the coordinate axes

• Velocity in the x-direction is constant

Horizontal • Displacement : x = xo + (vo)x t
x- direction

• In the y-direction only 2 of the 3 equations can be used :

Vertical
y- direction

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 EXAMPLE 12.11
A sack slides off the
ramp with a horizontal
velocity of 12 m/s. If the
height of the ramp is 6 m
from the floor, determine
the time needed for the
↑
sack to strike the floor
and the range R where
the sacks begin to pile
up.

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 EXAMPLE 12.11

Coordinate System. Origin of the coordinates is

established at the beginning of the path, point A.
Initial velocity of a sack has components
(vA)x = 12 m/s = VA (no vertical component) and
(vA)y = 0 m/s
Acceleration between point A and B
ay = -9.81 m/s2
Since (vB)x = (vA)x = 12 m/s, the three unknown are
(vB)y, R and the time of flight tAB

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 EXAMPLE 12.11
Vertical Motion. Vertical distance from A to B is
known (0,0)

  : y  y0  (v0 ) y t AB  2 act AB ;
1 2
↑
1
 6  0  0(t AB )  (9.81)t AB 2

2
t AB  1.11s (R,-6)

The above calculations also indicate that if a sack

is released from rest at A, it would take the same
amount of time to strike the floor at C
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 EXAMPLE 12.11

Horizontal Motion.

x  x0  (v0 ) x t AB
R  0  12(1.11)
R  13.32 m

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 EXAMPLE 12.12
The chipping machine is designed to eject wood
chips at vO = 7.5 m/s. If the tube is oriented at 30°
from the horizontal, determine how high, h, the
chips strike the pile if they land on the pile 6 m
from the tube.

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 EXAMPLE 12.12

Coordinate System. Three unknown h, time of

flight, tOA and the vertical component of velocity
(vA)y. Taking origin at O, for initial velocity of a chip,
(vO ) x  (7.5 cos 30 )  6.5m / s 
(vO ) y  (7.5 sin 30 )  3.75m / s 
(vA)x = (vO)x = 6.5 m/s and ay = -9.81 m/s2

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 (0,0)

(6,h-2.1)

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 EXAMPLE 12.12
Horizontal Motion.
  x A  x0  (v0 ) x tOA
6  0  6.5tOA
tOA  0.9231s
Vertical Motion.
Relating tOA to initial and final elevation of the chips,
  1 2
y A  h  2.1  yO  (v0 ) y tOA  ac tOA
2
1
h  2.1  0  3.75(0.9231)  (9.81)(0.9231) 2
2
h  1.382 m
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