Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fungal Skin Infection
Fungal Skin Infection
Fungal Skin Infection
SUPERFICIAL MYCOSIS
Pepy Dwi Endraswari, dr., M.Si
Departemen Mikrobiologi Kedokteran
FK-UA
1. Superfisial mycosis
➢ Infeksi jamur pada permukaan kulit atau batang rambut (stratum corneum)
➢ Tidak ada jaringan hidup yang diserang
➢ Tidak ada peradangan atau respons seluler
➢ Pasien sering tidak menyadari kondisi mereka
Pityriasis versicolor
• Chronic mild superficial infection of the stratum corneum
• Caused by: Malassezia furfur
• Host responses (scaling, inflammation, and irritation) are
minimal.
• Discrete, serpentine, hyper- or hypopigmented maculae occur
on the skin, usually on the chest, upper back, arms, or
abdomen.
• Infeksi superfisial ringan kronik dari stratum korneum
• Disebabkan oleh: Malassezia furfur
• Respons tuan rumah (penskalaan, peradangan, dan iritasi)
minimal.
• Makula diskret, serpentine, hiper-atau hipopigmentasi terjadi
pada kulit, biasanya di dada, punggung bagian atas, lengan,
atau perut.
• Species of Malassezia are considered part of the
microbial flora → can be isolated from normal skin
and scalp.
• They have been implicated as a cause of or
contributor to seborrheic dermatitis, or dandruff.
• Spesies Malassezia dianggap sebagai bagian dari flora
mikroba → dapat diisolasi dari kulit normal dan kulit
kepala.
• Mereka telah terlibat sebagai penyebab atau
kontributor dermatitis seboroik, atau ketombe.
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
• 1. Clinical material: Skin scrapings from patients with
superficial lesions, blood from patients with suspected
fungaemia.
• 2. Direct Microscopy:
• Skin scrapings → 10% KOH, glycerol and Parker ink solution →
spagety and meat ball (yeast and pseudohyphae)
• Culture preparations are usually not necessary.
• 1. Bahan klinis: Kerokan kulit dari pasien dengan lesi
superfisial, darah dari pasien dengan dugaan fungaemia.
• 2. Mikroskop Langsung:
• Kerokan kulit → 10% KOH, gliserol dan larutan tinta Parker →
bola spagety dan meat (ragi dan pseudohyphae)
• Persiapan budaya biasanya tidak diperlukan.
M. furfur on skin scrapping specimen with GMS staining
(lef) and KOH staining (right):
spagety and meatballs appearance
Culture
• only necessary in suspected fungaemia
• M. furfur is a lipophilic yeast→in vitro growth must
be stimulated by natural oils or other fatty
substances.
• Medium:
– Sabouraud's dextrose agar with olive oil
– or Dixon's agar (contains glycerol mono-oleate)
• Rapid growth
(best growth 37 C, 3 days)
Tinea Nigra (Tinea Nigra Palmaris)
• A superficial chronic and asymptomatic infection of the stratum corneum
• caused by: the dematiaceous fungus Hortaea (Exophiala) werneckii.
• More prevalent in warm coastal regions and among young women.
• The lesions appear as a
dark (brown to black)
discoloration, ofen on
the palm.
Microsporum X X
Trichophyton X X X
Epidermophyton X X
DERMATOPHYTES
• Digest keratin by their keratinases
• Resistant to cycloheximide
• Classified into three groups depending on their usual
habitat
Skin:
• Circular, dry, erythematous, scaly, itchy lesions
Hair:
• Typical lesions,”kerion”, scarring, “alopecia”
Nail:
• Thickened, deformed, friable, discolored nails,
subungual debris accumulation
Favus (Tinea favosa)
Clinical manifestationof Dermatophytosis
Tinea capitis: kerion, grey patch, black dot
• Hair
– Plucked, not cut, from edge of lesion
• Skin
– Wash, scrape from margin of lesion
• Nails
– Scrapings from nail bed or infected area
• Transport in sterile petri dish
Laboratory Diagnosis
Specimen processing
• Hair
– Cut into short segments
• Nails
– Mince into small pieces
Culture
Laboratory Diagnosis
Media
Identification
• Colony morphology
• Microscopic morphology
Identification
Laboratory Diagnosis
• Colony Microscopic
morphology:
morphology:
Microsporum gypseum
• Colony • Microscopic
morphology: morphology
:
Epidermophyton floccosum
Colony morphology:
• Microscopic
morphology:
Trichophyton rubrum
• Microscopic
Colony morphology: morphology:
Trichophyton rubrum
• Physiological tests
– Urea: negative
– Hair perforation: negative
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
• Colony morphology:
Downy Granular
Velvet
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
• Microscopic
morphology:
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
• Physiologic tests:
– Urea: positive
– Hair perforation:
positive
DERMATOPHYTOSIS
Treatment
• Topical
Miconazole, clotrimazole,
econazole, terbinafine...
• Oral
Griseofulvin
Ketaconazole
Itraconazole
Terbinafine
SUBCUTANEUS MYCOSIS
• Sporotrichosis
• Chromoblastomycosis
• Mycetoma
• Rhinosporidiosis
• Lobomycosis
SPOROTRICHOSIS
• Penyebab: Jamur Sporotrix schenckii (jamur
dimorfik)
• Disebut juga Rose gardener disease
• Manifestasi klinik:
– Cutaneus sporotrichosis (sering)
• Biasanya menyerang pada pekerjaan yang berhubungan
dengan tanah (misal: berkebun dan bercocok tanam)
• Pemeriksaan:
– Histopatologi: HE, PAS, GMS
– Kultur : Sabouroud dextrose agar, suhu ruang
Histopatologi
GMS 1000x
HE 450x
GMS 450x
Catatan:
➢Sporangium immatur berukuran 10-100um, tdp satu nucleus di tengah, sitoplasma
berbentuk granuler
➢Sporangium matur berukuran 100-300um dan didalamnya terdapat spora
➢Setelah sporangium matur ->mengeluarkan spora→mjd sporangium collapse
Histopatologi: Pewarnaan GMS-HE
Lobomycosis (Lobo disease)
• Jamur penyebab: Loboa loboi atau Lacazia
• Menginfeksi manusia dan lumba-lumba
• Mrpk infeksi kronis yang didahului oleh
trauma pada kulit dan jaringan subkutan.
• Insiden 90% laki-laki ( >>petani)
• Manifestasi klinis :
– Bentukan nodul atau keloid→ pada fase awal
nodul tidak terfiksir → nodul meluas dan
membesar secara perlahan
Manifestasi klinis